{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:09:00Z","timestamp":1788797340638,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jsportscimed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed-Team-Relay (MTR) triathlon is a novel Olympic discipline whose performance determinants and tactical behaviors have barely been studied. Additionally, a regulatory change has been made to the male and female relay order for the Paris 2024 Olympics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the performance determinants and race dynamics as a function of competitive level on the new regulated MTR triathlon. Results from 129 national teams, (516 elite triathletes) across five MTR World Triathlon Series and two MTR European Championships in 2022 and 2023, were analyzed. Split times, average speeds, time behind the race leader (gap), partial and finishing positions, pack position as well as the rank positions of every segment, relay leg, and overall race were computed. Decision tree analyses were conducted as a predictive method for the overall results, and correspondence analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between the different relay legs and segments and the finishing positions. The performance of the fourth leg was the most relevant for overall result (30%), as well as the fourth running leg (16%) and the female legs performance (7%). Medallist relay teams were characterized by displaying a differential speed lower than 0.5 and 0.83 km\/h, respectively, from the best-ranking athletes in the Legs 1 and 4. Furthermore, staying in the front pack after the second swimming leg showed a great relationship with achieving a medal position. New MTR triathlon rules shift race dynamics, emphasizing individual efforts in cycling and swimming, while maintaining the crucial importance of running.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T11:19:35Z","timestamp":1715167175000},"page":"358-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Race Dynamics in Triathlon Mixed-Team-Relay Meaningfully Changes with The New Regulation Towards Paris 2024"],"prefix":"10.52082","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Sobrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas S.","family":"Del Cerro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29163","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allebosch G., Van den Bossche S., Veelaert P., Philips W. (2020) Camera-Based System for Drafting Detection While Cycling. Sensors (Basel) 20, -.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051241"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Chatard J.C., Chollet D., Millet G. (1998) Performance and drag during drafting swimming in highly trained triathletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30, 1276-1280.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199808000-00015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Gadelha A.B., Sousa C.V., Sales M.M., dos Santos Rosa T., Flothmann M., Barbosa L.P., da Silva Aguiar S., Olher R.R., Villiger E., Nikolaidis P.T., Rosemann T., Hill L., Knechtle B. (2020) Cut-Off Values in the Prediction of Success in Olympic Distance Triathlon. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 9491.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249491"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Hanley B. (2016) Pacing, packing and sex-based differences in Olympic and IAAF World Championship marathons. Journal of Sports Sciences 34, 1675-1681.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1132841"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Hausswirth C., Leh\u00e9naff D., Dr\u00e9ano P., Savonen K. (1999) Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31, 599-604.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199904000-00018"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Landers G.J., Blanksby B.A., Ackland T.R., Monson R. (2008) Swim Positioning and its Influence on Triathlon Outcome. International Journal of Exercise Science 1, 96-105."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Ledanois T., Hamri I., De Larochelambert Q., Libicz S., Toussaint J.F., Sedeaud A. (2023) Cutoff value for predicting success in triathlon mixed team relay. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 5, 1096272.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1096272"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Mart\u00ednez-Sobrino J., Veiga S., Santos del Cerro J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Rav\u00e9 J.M. (2023) What is the Most Important Leg and Discipline in Triathlon Mixed Team Relays?. Journal of Human Kinetics 89, 269-278.  Crossref","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/167088"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Noble T.J., Chapman R.F. (2018) Run Performance is the Primary Factor in Determining Olympic Distance Triathlon Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 50, 776-776.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000538552.59045.b5"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Ofoghi B., Zeleznikow J., Macmahon C., Rehula J., Dwyer D.B. (2016) Performance analysis and prediction in triathlon. Journal of Sports Sciences 34, 607-612.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1065341"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Olaya J., Fern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1ez J., \u00d8sterlie O., Ferriz-Valero A. (2021) Contribution of segments to overall result in elite triathletes: Sprint distance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, 8422.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168422"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Olds T. (1998) The mathematics of breaking away and chasing in cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 77, 492-497.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050365"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Piacentini M.F., Bianchini L.A., Minganti C., Sias M., Di Castro A., Vleck V. (2019) Is the Bike Segment of Modern Olympic Triathlon More a Transition towards Running in Males than It Is in Females?. Sports 7, 76.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7040076"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Quagliarotti C., Gaiola D., Bianchini L., Vleck V., Piacentini M.F. (2022) How to Form a Successful Team for the Novel Olympic Triathlon Discipline: The Mixed-Team-Relay. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 7, 46.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7020046"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Schickhofer L., Hanson H. (2021) Aerodynamic effects and performance improvements of running in drafting formations. Journal of Biomechanics 122, 110457.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110457"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Silva, A.J., Rouboa, A., Moreira, A., Reis, V.M., Alves, F., Vilas-Boas, J.P. and Marinho, D.A. (2008) Analysis of drafting effects in swimming using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 7, 60-66.  Pubmed","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000321659.84121.a5"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Smits B.L., Pepping G.J., Hettinga F.J. (2014) Pacing and decision making in sport and exercise: the roles of perception and action in the regulation of exercise intensity. Sports Medicine 44, 763-775.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0163-0"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Thiel C., Foster C., Banzer W., De Koning J. (2012) Pacing in Olympic track races: competitive tactics versus best performance strategy. Journal of Sports Sciences 30, 1107-1115.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.701759"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Veiga S., del Cerro J.S., Rodriguez L., Trinidad A., Gonzalez-Rave J.M. (2021) How Mixed Relay Teams in Swimming Should Be Organized for International Championship Success. Frontiers in Psychology 12, 573285.  Crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.573285"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vleck V., Bentley D., Millet G., Buergi A. (2008) Pacing during an elite Olympic distance triathlon: Comparison between male and female competitors. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 11, 424-432.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.01.006"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vleck V., Burgi A., Bentley D. (2006) The consequences of swim, cycle, and run performance on overall result in elite olympic distance triathlon. International Journal of Sports Medicine 27, 43-48.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837502"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine World Triathlon (2022) Competition Rules. https:\/\/www.triathlon.org\/uploads\/docs\/World_Triathlon_Competition_Rules_2022_20220128.pdf (accessed on 25 April 2022)"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine World Triathlon (2023) Results. Retrieved from (accessed on August 2023) https:\/\/triathlon.org\/results"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Zouhal H., Ben Abderrahman A., Prioux J., Knechtle B., Bouguerra L., Kebsi W., Noakes T.D. (2015) Drafting's improvement of 3000-m running performance in elite athletes: is it a placebo effect?. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, 147-152.  Crossref","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0498"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T11:19:42Z","timestamp":1715167182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jssm.org\/jssm-23-358.xml%3EFulltext"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":24,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52082\/jssm.2024.358","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1303-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1303-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}