{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:33:57Z","timestamp":1791722037815,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]],"date-time":"2013-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":436,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Span. j. psychol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study tests the relationships between the three frequently used personality models evaluated by the Temperament Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory \u2013 Revised (NEO-FFI-R) and Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire-50- Cross-Cultural (ZKPQ-50-CC). The results were obtained with a sample of 928 volunteer subjects from the general population aged between 17 and 28 years old. Frequency distributions and alpha reliabilities with the three instruments were acceptable. Correlational and factorial analyses showed that several scales in the three instruments share an appreciable amount of common variance. Five factors emerged from principal components analysis. The first factor was integrated by A (Agreeableness), Co (Cooperativeness) and Agg-Host (Aggressiveness- Hostility), with secondary loadings in C (Conscientiousness) and SD (Self-directiveness) from other factors. The second factor was composed by N (Neuroticism), N-Anx (Neuroticism-Anxiety), HA (Harm Avoidance) and SD (Self-directiveness). The third factor was integrated by Sy (Sociability), E (Extraversion), RD (Reward Dependence), ImpSS (Impulsive Sensation Seeking) and NS (novelty Seeking). The fourth factor was integrated by Ps (Persistence), Act (Activity), and C, whereas the fifth and last factor was composed by O (Openness) and ST (Self- Transcendence). Confirmatory factor analyses indicate that the scales in each model are highly interrelated and define the specified latent dimension well. Similarities and differences between these three instruments are further discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5209\/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,22]],"date-time":"2012-03-22T21:02:37Z","timestamp":1332450157000},"page":"659-666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Five and Seven Factors Personality Models: Differences and Similitude between the TCI-R, NEO-FFI-R and ZKPQ-50-CC"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anton","family":"Aluja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Blanch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1961.tb00061.x"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.4.757"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1997.11024793"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00204-4"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref010","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Testing structural equation models","author":"Browne","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00186-6"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(92)90003-8"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref034","volume-title":"2800 personality trait descriptors: normative operating characteristics for a university population","author":"Norman","year":"1967"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291170"},{"key":"S1138741600002821_ref027","first-page":"8","article-title":"Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R). 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