{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T05:07:46Z","timestamp":1779944866314,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Korean Continence Society","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006107","name":"Gachon University Gil Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["einj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int Neurourol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) is the most clinically relevant uroflowmetry parameter and is strongly associated with the International Prostate Symptom Score. However, traditional predictors such as age, prostate volume, and voided volume (VV) only partially explain the wide variability in Qmax among men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Given the recognized role of male hypogonadism in LUTS progression and the potential of testicular volume as a surrogate marker of long-term androgenic status, this study investigated whether testicular volume could serve as a novel predictor of Qmax. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 170 men with LUTS evaluated between April 2012 and March 2017. All patients underwenturoflowmetry, transrectal ultrasonography, and testicular volume assessment using a Prader orchidometer. Serum prostate-specific antigen and testosterone levels were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore associations between clinical variables and Qmax, followed by multivariate linear regression to identify independent predictors.Results: The mean age was 69.3 years, mean total prostate volume (TPV) 66.1 mL, and mean total testicular volume (TTV) 32.2 mL. In univariate analysis, age, height, TPV, TTV, VV, and residual urine (RU) were significantly correlated with Qmax. Multivariate regression demonstrated that TTV (\u03b2=0.268, P=0.001), VV (\u03b2=0.370, P&lt;0.001), and RU (\u03b2=-0.193, P=0.009) were independent predictors, whereas prostate volume, age, and serum testosterone were not.Conclusions: The TTV is a novel independent predictor of Qmax in men with LUTS. Smaller testicular volume was associated with a lower rate of urinary flow, potentially reflecting the cumulative endocrine decline associated with male hypogonadism. As a simple and noninvasive measurement, TTV can serve as a valuable clinical marker to complement existing assessments, helping to identify patients at higher risk for poor voiding function and guiding further comprehensive evaluations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2550370.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T04:59:54Z","timestamp":1779944394000},"page":"S29-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5213\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Male Hypogonadism and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Testicular Volume as an Independent Predictor"],"prefix":"10.5213","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Il Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7075-5731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taeyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-7814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyung Jin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3495-369X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kwang Taek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3901-0295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-5823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tae Beom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3166","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"2241","volume-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and quality of life of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) among men attending Primary Care slum clinics in Bangalore: a cross-sectional study","author":"Kant","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22670"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2009.08371.x"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"806","volume-title":"Management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia: AUA guideline part I\u2014initial work-up and medical management","author":"Lerner","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)36966-5"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2017\/26651.9835"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685530801954026"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2011.52.10.657"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5336\/urology.2020-80457"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Hypogonadism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence and effects","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2016.0027"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12564"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf009"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(16)57555-4"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2016.08.11"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.88797"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.02.123"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2142042.021"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.04.010"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.09.012"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1185539"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.09.084"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1989.tb01328.x"}],"container-title":["International Neurourology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/einj.org\/upload\/pdf\/inj-2550370-185.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/einj.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5213\/inj.2550370.185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/einj.org\/upload\/pdf\/inj-2550370-185.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T05:00:15Z","timestamp":1779944415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/einj.org\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5213\/inj.2550370.185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5213\/inj.2550370.185","relation":{},"ISSN":["2093-6931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2093-6931","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}