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Emerging real-world evidence highlights distinct efficacy and safety profiles among these agents, largely attributed to differences in JAK selectivity and dosing strategies. Notably, data are accumulating on differential efficacy, predictors of therapeutic response, and outcomes in patients who switch between JAK inhibitors, contributing to a clearer understanding of the optimal positioning of each agent. Regarding safety, particular attention has been given to risks such as herpes zoster infection and drug-induced acne, underscoring the importance of appropriate patient education and individualized risk assessment. This review summarizes clinical trials and current real-world data on tofacitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib in ulcerative colitis, and discusses strategies for optimizing their clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2025.00096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T05:44:46Z","timestamp":1763099086000},"page":"197-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5217\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing Janus kinase inhibitor therapy for ulcerative colitis: a real-world perspective"],"prefix":"10.5217","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0727-7638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, Tsukuba Institute for Advanced Research (TIAR), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 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