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In the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising primarily Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis, disruptions to this microbial ecosystem\u2014collectively termed dysbiosis\u2014have been increasingly recognized as central to disease pathogenesis. Recent research has established that alterations in gut microbiota not only reflect disease states but may actively drive immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction, and mucosal inflammation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in IBD and evaluates the therapeutic landscape of microbiota-modulating strategies using selected examples. Fecal microbiota transplantation, while offering proof-of-concept validation, is hindered by standardization challenges and variable clinical outcomes. As a response, microbiome-based therapeutics have evolved toward defined live biotherapeutic products including bacterial consortia and single-strain products, postbiotics, and metabolite-centered approaches targeting specific pathways. Groundbreaking research into rationally designed synthetic microbiomes and next-generation probiotics is driving a paradigm shift in microbiota-based treatment for IBD from empirical to precision-guided interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5217\/ir.2025.00104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:05:36Z","timestamp":1761699936000},"page":"396-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5217\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Targeting the gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: from concept to clinical 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