{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:21:41Z","timestamp":1784168501639,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Narra Sains Indonesia","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Narra J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n\n\n\n\nSince adipocytes play a crucial role in pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) infection due to their interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), obesity is associated with an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Discovery of ACE2 as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor raises a controversy about whether to use ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) could be an optional therapy to prevent cytokine storms. Studies assessing the expressions of ACE2 and IL-6 upon exposure to SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 is therefore important as a basis for therapeutical trials in the future. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on the production of ACE2 and IL-6 in adipocyte cells. Adipocytes were collected from abdominal adipose tissues of healthy and obese 45-year-old male donor having neither a history of SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 infection nor COVID-19 vaccination. After being stained using the oil red O protocol, the viable adipocytes were then exposed to S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The levels of ACE2 and IL-6 were then examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed significant increase of ACE2 (90.22 \u00b5g\/mL) and IL-6 level (60.01 \u00b5g\/mL) in human adipocytes upon exposure compared to unexposed control cells (ACE2 13.33 \u00b5g\/mL; IL-6 21.33 \u00b5g\/mL), both comparisons had p&lt;0.001). This study provides insight into the basic mechanism of severe COVID-19 symptoms in obese patients and provides a basic information of the potential of ACE inhibitors as an optional therapy for COVID-19 patients with obesity.\n\n\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v3i3.284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T23:58:59Z","timestamp":1698623939000},"page":"e284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exposure on ACE2 and interleukin 6 productions in human adipocytes: An in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.52225","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Meity","family":"Ardiana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I GR.","family":"Suryawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanestya O.","family":"Hermawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Primasitha M.","family":"Harsono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3307-7518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisya A.","family":"Shafira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0650-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faizal A.","family":"Anandita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"container-title":["Narra J"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/download\/284\/186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/download\/284\/186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T03:44:01Z","timestamp":1711856641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/view\/284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52225\/narra.v3i3.284","relation":{},"ISSN":["2807-2618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2807-2618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]}}}