{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T20:15:57Z","timestamp":1776888957240,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Narra Sains Indonesia","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Narra J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is commonly used as a flavor-enhancing agent in foods, and studies have demonstrated its toxic effects in animal models. Black garlic is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, there is a lack of studies on the potential hepatoprotective effect of black garlic ethanol extract (BGE) against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of black garlic against MSG-induced liver damage in animal model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=5): negative control, MSG only, and MSG with three different doses of BGE. The MSG only and MSG with BGE groups were orally administered with 8 mg\/kg MSG daily. After MSG treatment, the MSG with BGE groups received BGE orally at daily doses of 200, 400, or 600 mg\/kg body weight for 16 consecutive days. Subsequently, the levels of serum liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured. Our data indicated that the group treated with 200 mg\/kg BGE had significant lower levels of AST and ALT significantly compared to the MSG-only group. The MSG-treated group had higher levels of the inflammatory markers COX-2 and IFN-\u03b3, which were lowered by administration of 200 mg\/kg BGE. In contrast, higher doses of BGE led to greater levels of COX-2 and IFN-\u03b3 compared to those in the MSG-only group. This study suggested that BGE might have hepatoprotective effects at low dose, potentially mitigating MSG-induced liver damage. However, the higher dose of black garlic extract did not alleviate inflammation, as shown by the higher levels of COX-2 and IFN-\u03b3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v4i2.799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T13:05:32Z","timestamp":1729602332000},"page":"e799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Black garlic exhibited hepatoprotective effect against monosodium glutamate-induced hepatotoxicity in animal model"],"prefix":"10.52225","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0378-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Maulina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"Zachreini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8139-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholib","family":"Gholib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1114-8444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulhadi","family":"Suwandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6807-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muslim","family":"Akmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"29794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"container-title":["Narra J"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/download\/799\/378","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/download\/799\/378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T13:05:33Z","timestamp":1729602333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/view\/799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52225\/narra.v4i2.799","relation":{},"ISSN":["2807-2618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2807-2618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]}}}