{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:02:36Z","timestamp":1781712156118,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Narra Sains Indonesia","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Narra J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hydrochloride have been well-reported as pre-eclampsia inducers due to their ability to mimic hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory response. However, no study has compared the two inducers in developing a mice model of preeclampsia characterized by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of DOCA and L-NAME hydrochloride in inducing pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice, focusing on the expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages, anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-\u03b2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2). Twenty-seven female BALB\/c mice were grouped into three groups (n=9): healthy pregnant mice (NP), pregnant mice induced with DOCA (PD), and pregnant mice induced with L-NAME hydrochloride (PL). L-NAME hydrochloride was orally given to the pregnant mice at 4.464 mg\/30 g body weight (BW) every day after five days of gestation. DOCA was injected subcutaneously in 0.1 mL of corn oil at 0.74 mg\/30 g BW before mating and 0.38 mg\/30 g BW once a week until dissection. Drinking water for PD and PL groups was replaced with 0.9% saline. On day 16 of pregnancy, the lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen to determine the profile of Tregs, macrophages, TGF-\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-1\u03b2 using flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that administering L-NAME hydrochloride in pregnant mice exhibited a significant increase in the relative number of IL-1\u03b2 and macrophages compared to DOCA (p&lt;0.05). L-NAME hydrochloride significantly reduced the production of TGF-\u03b2 compared to DOCA (p&lt;0.05). Both DOCA and L-NAME hydrochloride could decrease Tregs and IL-6 levels. This study also found that L-NAME hydrochloride was more effective in inducing pre-eclampsia in pregnant BALB\/c mice than DOCA indicated by the highest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and macrophage activity and a low anti-inflammatory cytokine. The present study provides a foundation for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of preeclampsia in the inflammatory pathway; however, further exploration of other mechanisms, markers, and target proteins can deepen insights into its development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v5i2.1872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:31:04Z","timestamp":1745281864000},"page":"e1872","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DOCA and L-NAME hydrochloride: Their impact on T regulatory cells, macrophage activity, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in pre-eclampsia animal model"],"prefix":"10.52225","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shella ZK.","family":"Azmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9185-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyun I.","family":"Christina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinia R.","family":"Dwijayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri","family":"Rahayu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1245-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad S.","family":"Djati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"container-title":["Narra J"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/download\/1872\/841","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/download\/1872\/841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:30:52Z","timestamp":1745368252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/narraj.org\/main\/article\/view\/1872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52225\/narra.v5i2.1872","relation":{},"ISSN":["2807-2618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2807-2618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]}}}