{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:57:23Z","timestamp":1790708243947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scand J Work Environ Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: With climate change exacerbating occupational heat stress, objective and systematic exposure assessment is essential for epidemiological studies. We developed a job exposure matrix (JEM) to assign occupational heat stress exposure across Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    METHODS: Aligned with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO: 7243, 8996 and 9920), the heat JEM provides region- and year-specific estimates of annual heat stress hours by job title, using the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 for Europe [ISCO-88(COM)]. Heat stress was defined as wet bulb globe temperature effective (WBGT\n                    <jats:sub>eff<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) exceeding WBGT reference (WBGT\n                    <jats:sub>ref<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Outdoor and indoor WBGT were determined using historical, region-specific hourly meteorological data (temperature, radiation, humidity, wind speed) across Europe, between 1970 and 2024. WBGT values were adjusted for job-specific clothing to obtain WBGT\n                    <jats:sub>eff<\/jats:sub>\n                    . WBGT\n                    <jats:sub>ref<\/jats:sub>\n                    was based on metabolic rate, calculated using body surface area and job-specific physical activity, and adjusted for acclimatization status. Further adjustments were made for the job title-specific presence of local heat and cooling sources, time spent indoors versus outdoors, and working schedules.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS: The number of annual hours workers experience heat stress is highest among jobs involving local heat sources and physical demanding tasks, especially when work clothing is mandatory. Southern Europe has a higher annual heat stress burden compared to other regions. Exposure varies across calendar years and is substantially higher among unacclimatized versus acclimatized workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating job-, region-, and year-specific factors, the heat JEM provides a harmonized tool for studying occupational heat stress. Its transparent framework allows for updates with new data and extensions to other years and regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.4243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:36:03Z","timestamp":1757680563000},"page":"7-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exposure to heat at work: development of a quantitative European job exposure matrix (heat JEM)"],"prefix":"10.5271","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Tosca OE","family":"de Crom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernice","family":"Scholten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Traini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"van der Sanden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Kingma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floris","family":"Pekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manosij","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Not\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle C","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Alba Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Klous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Albin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik A","family":"Kolstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Selander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjoeka","family":"Pronk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3229","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment &amp; Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T14:48:03Z","timestamp":1766846883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.sjweh.fi\/article\/4243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.4243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0355-3140","1795-990X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0355-3140","type":"print"},{"value":"1795-990X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]]}}}