{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:21:42Z","timestamp":1785417702244,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Traditionally, pediatric femoral fracture treatment favored conservative methods, relying on casting and the inherent bone remodeling ability in immature bones. Surgical intervention was deferred until age 6, as nonoperative approaches often resulted in complications. Titanium elastic nailing (TENS) emerged as an effective treatment for diaphyseal femoral fractures in ages 6 to 16. However, the choice between TENS and stainless steel elastic nailing (SSENS) remains debated due to inconsistent findings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of both nailing systems in pediatric long bone fractures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective chart review at William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak included 83 patients aged 6 to 16 treated with TENS or SSENS between January 2011 and January 2021. Data collected encompassed nail related issues, time to fracture union, full weight bearing, and nail removal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n In the TENS group (n=29), the average age was 8.8\u00b12.4 years, and the average BMI was 17.2\u00b13.4. The SSENS group (n=54) had an average age of 9.3\u00b12.7 and an average BMI of 19.7\u00b18.4. Time to fracture union for TENS was 93.8\u00b160.5 days, while SSENS was 82.2\u00b140.0 days.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study found no statistically significant differences in nail-related complications, time to fracture union, full weight bearing, or nail removal between TENS and SSENS in pediatric long bone fractures. The choice between these systems should be based on individual circumstances. Limitations include a small sample size and the study\u2019s retrospective nature.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.116898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T22:28:44Z","timestamp":1715552924000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing the Outcomes of Titanium and Stainless Steel Flexible Nails in Repairing Pediatric Long Bone Fractures"],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mazen","family":"Zamzam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Novelpreet","family":"Bopari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avianna","family":"Arapovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan","family":"Kamel-ElSayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab S.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/058sakv40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital","department":["Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.350882","article-title":"The biology of fracture healing in long bones","volume":"60-B","author":"B. McKibbin","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.33876","article-title":"Titanium elastic nailing in femoral diaphyseal fractures of children in 6-16 years of age","volume":"41","author":"K. Saikia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00328","article-title":"Complications of titanium and stainless steel elastic nail fixation of pediatric femoral fractures","volume":"90","author":"E. J. Wall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200411000-00008","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of stainless steel and titanium nails for fixation of simulated femoral fractures","volume":"24","author":"A. T. Mahar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2016.02.001","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures by stainless steel and titanium elastic nail system: A randomized comparative trial","volume":"19","author":"T. Gyaneshwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.09.049","article-title":"Elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) in paediatric femur and tibia shaft fractures: Comparison between titanium and stainless steel nails","volume":"49 Suppl 3","author":"L. Marengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1880-x","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and complications of titanium versus stainless steel elastic nail in management of paediatric femoral fractures-a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"A. Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Orthopedic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/116898-comparing-the-outcomes-of-titanium-and-stainless-steel-flexible-nails-in-repairing-pediatric-long-bone-fractures","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T15:06:09Z","timestamp":1739286369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/116898-comparing-the-outcomes-of-titanium-and-stainless-steel-flexible-nails-in-repairing-pediatric-long-bone-fractures"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":7,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.116898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]}}}