{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:43:58Z","timestamp":1787031838984,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n Caudal epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are commonly employed in the management of low back pain and radiculopathy. Despite their widespread use, practice patterns among physicians performing caudal ESIs can vary significantly. This study aims to identify variability in injection techniques utilized by physicians during caudal ESIs, focusing on steroid use, needle selection, and catheter use. This study also looks at major permanent neurological injuries related to caudal ESIs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A survey was distributed to a cohort of physicians who regularly perform ESIs. The survey comprised questions regarding the type of needle primarily used, steroid selection, the use of catheters, and major neurological injuries from caudal ESIs. The respondents included a diverse group of pain management physicians from various specialties and practice settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The results revealed a predominant preference for the use of particulate steroids (72.41%) when performing caudal ESIs. Additionally, physicians primarily prefer to use spinal needles (72.41%) compared to other needle types. A majority of physicians (65.12%) reported that they never use a catheter when performing caudal ESIs to access higher pathology. Finally, all physician responders (100%) reported that they have never caused a permanent neurological injury when performing a caudal ESI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This survey provides initial data among physicians who perform caudal ESIs. Our results demonstrate the majority of physicians favor using particulate steroids and a spinal needle, with fewer opting to use a catheter during these procedures. There were no reported major permanent neurological injuries, demonstrating that caudal ESIs are a safe interventional option for managing lumbosacral pain complaints.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.123283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T15:49:44Z","timestamp":1726328984000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Practice Patterns of Physicians who Perform Caudal Epidural Steroid Injections"],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ashlyn","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine","department":["H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine","department":["H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suma","family":"Ganji-Angirekula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gds6c39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":["Department of Emergency Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","department":["Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"AL-Jumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Washington","department":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jatinder","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","department":["Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8227-1864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jamal","family":"Hasoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gds6c39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","department":["Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2000\/3\/7","article-title":"Interventional techniques in the management of chronic pain: Part 1.0","volume":"3","author":"L. 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