{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T14:57:37Z","timestamp":1786373857444,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"purpose-of-review\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this narrative review is to explain the cellular mechanisms behind chronic pain, the mechanisms behind extracorporeal shockwave therapy, and its efficacy for the treatment of various chronic pain conditions including tendinopathies, greater trochanteric pain, de quervain tenosynovitis, myofascial pain, plantar fasciitis, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, fractures, osteonecrosis, bone edema, coccydynia, low back pain, chronic pelvic pain syndrome\/chronic prostatitis, ulcers, and carpal tunnel syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"recent-findings\">\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many recent clinical trials and meta-analyses from the year 2024 overall supported the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of chronic pain conditions with minimal adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"summary\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is a novel technique that uses mechanotransduction to induce a cellular response that prevents central sensitization, reduces inflammation, and contributes to healing that alleviates pain. The specific mechanisms through which extracorporeal shockwave therapy are largely unknown or poorly understood. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted to identify 84 studies from 2000-2024 evaluating the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The results indicate that extracorporeal shockwave therapy holds strong promise for the treatment of numerous chronic pain pathologies with minimal adverse effects and should be studied further.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.154361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:51:06Z","timestamp":1786369866000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Pain Management \u2013 an In-Depth Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wisdom","family":"Ufondu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05gq02987","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME), Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oludotun","family":"Ogunsola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00jmfr291","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03czfpz43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04bdffz58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezinne","family":"Ezenekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Bufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/007tn5k56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyyib","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an3r305","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrick","family":"Esiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Army National Guard, Unit Medic, C-co 1-121 Infantry BN, Gainesville, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jevotovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0190ak572","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Hasoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gds6c39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vwaire","family":"Orhurhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MVM Health, East Stroudsburg, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1668","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 2 induces mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into tenocytes through the MAPK pathway","volume":"8","author":"T. 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