{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:29:10Z","timestamp":1787167750791,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and trigger finger (TF) are common hand disorders that frequently coexist. Most available data originate from North American, European, and East Asian populations, whereas data from Central Asian countries remain limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of concurrent CTS and TF and identify associated demographic and clinical factors in a clinical cohort from Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with CTS, TF, or both conditions. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and clinical variables were analyzed. Group differences were assessed using chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with concurrent CTS and TF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 138 patients were included. Among them, 82 (59.4%) had CTS, 48 (34.8%) had TF, and 8 (5.8%) had both conditions. Significant differences between groups were observed for sex (p = 0.001), ethnicity (p &lt; 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.008), thyroid disease (p = 0.010), and hormone therapy (p = 0.030). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with concurrent CTS and TF (OR = 72.96; 95% CI 2.41\u20132208.9; p = 0.014), whereas increasing age was associated with lower odds of coexistence (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.63\u20130.92; p = 0.005).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concurrent CTS and TF were identified in a limited number of patients in this cohort. Diabetes mellitus and age were associated with their coexistence. These findings provide clinical data from an understudied Kazakhstani population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.166445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:28:37Z","timestamp":1787164117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and demographic factors associated with coexisting carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger in Kazakhstan."],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-1639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Assel","family":"Kaliyeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038mavt60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Astana Medical University","department":["Research School"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arman","family":"Batpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Centre of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after academician Batpenov N.D.","department":["Center for Science and Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2950-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiram","family":"Baubekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D.","department":["Center for Science and Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8360-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksut","family":"Ibrayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D.","department":["Department of Traumatology No. 3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2884-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samat","family":"Boirabayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D","department":["Department of Traumatology No. 3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0036-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerzhan","family":"Karatayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician Batpenov N.D","department":["Department of Traumatology No. 3"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5413-5237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arsen","family":"Kaliyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/024cz2s53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Karaganda Medical University","department":["Institute of Life Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(91)90208-S","article-title":"Synovial histology in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"16","author":"P. C. Fuchs","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.05.015","article-title":"Correlations between clinical presentations of adult trigger digits and histologic aspects of the A1 pulley","volume":"34","author":"K., et al. Drossos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S383397","article-title":"Incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome requiring surgery may increase in patients treated with trigger finger release: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"H. H. Hsieh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000450","article-title":"High incidence of trigger finger after carpal tunnel release: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Y. C. Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408096015","article-title":"Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger: is there an association?","volume":"34","author":"P. Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2340\/jphs.v60.43199","article-title":"Trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis of co-occurrence and risk","volume":"60","author":"P. Sallai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05312-5","article-title":"Carpal tunnel release can be a risk factor for trigger finger: national health insurance data analysis","volume":"46","author":"H. I. Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3351","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in US working populations: pooled analysis of six prospective studies","volume":"39","author":"A. M. Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.4055\/cios23281","article-title":"Epidemiology of carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"16","author":"M. S. Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2021.17.4.524","article-title":"Incidence and reappraisal of known risk factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome: a nationwide population-based study in South Korea","volume":"17","author":"S. Y. Rhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.54254\/2753-8818\/2025.20313","article-title":"Research progress in the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)","volume":"89","author":"Q. Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theor Nat Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3594","article-title":"Time trends in incidence and prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome over eight years according to multiple data sources: Pays de la Loire study","volume":"43","author":"Y. Roquelaure","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0238","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome as an occupational disease","volume":"108","author":"K. Giersiepen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.026","article-title":"Diagnostic meta-analysis of the efficacy of ultrasonography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: a comparison between Asian and non-Asian populations","volume":"124","author":"Y. T. Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.10.023","article-title":"The incidence of trigger digit after carpal tunnel release in diabetic and nondiabetic patients","volume":"39","author":"L. C. Grandizio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80068-1","article-title":"Dupuytren's disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, and diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"M. Chammas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v10.i12.454","article-title":"Factors associated with trigger digit following carpal tunnel release","volume":"10","author":"J. Nosewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1114141","article-title":"Arthritis as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"R. Shiri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.04.066","article-title":"Identifying non-genetic factors associated with trigger finger","volume":"94","author":"L. Guggenheim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a6109","article-title":"Association of the role of personal variables and nonoccupational risk factors for work-related carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"28","author":"R. Ulbrichtov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41648","DOI":"10.1097\/MD","article-title":"The causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and carpal tunnel syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"104","author":"F. Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70024","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.70024","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis based on a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"T. Gebrye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24911\/IJMDC.51-1736101367","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"A. Said","journal-title":"Int J Med Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.30714\/j-ebr.2024.214","article-title":"Factors affecting carpal tunnel syndrome severity: a regression analysis","volume":"7","author":"A. Karaaslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp Biomed Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009860","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009860.pub2","article-title":"Surgery for trigger finger","volume":"2","author":"H. J. Fiorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002662","article-title":"Are there differences in pain reduction and functional improvement among splint alone, steroid alone, and combination for the treatment of adults with trigger finger?","volume":"481","author":"P. Atthakomol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e556","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(22)00180-1","article-title":"Shared genetic susceptibility between trigger finger and carpal tunnel syndrome: a genome-wide association study","volume":"4","author":"B. Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1709","article-title":"MMP-2 expression is associated with rapidly proliferative arteriosclerosis in the flexor tenosynovium and pain severity in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"205","author":"H., et al. Hirata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26793","article-title":"Interleukin-6 secretion by fibroblasts in carpal tunnel syndrome patients is associated with trigger finger and inhibited by tranilast","volume":"61","author":"H., et al. Kawamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"}],"container-title":["Orthopedic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/166445-clinical-and-demographic-factors-associated-with-coexisting-carpal-tunnel-syndrome-and-trigger-finger-in-kazakhstan","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:28:43Z","timestamp":1787164123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/166445-clinical-and-demographic-factors-associated-with-coexisting-carpal-tunnel-syndrome-and-trigger-finger-in-kazakhstan"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":29,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.166445","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}}}