{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:36:38Z","timestamp":1789580198228,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to systematically review all papers examining floating elbow injuries in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"material-and-methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma, PROSPERO, and Scopus databases were searched up to August 31, 2020. Included studies had as a primary or secondary outcome the functional outcomes after a floating elbow injury on patients aged 17 or older. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Patients were male at 73,1%. Median age of the patients was 33,0 years and median time of follow-up was 19,5 months. Articular surfaces were affected at 24,4%, whereas 51,2% of the fractures was open. Approximately, 34,9% of the patients suffered neural injury. Ipsilateral and multiple-system injuries were present in 34,8% and 76,3 % of the cases, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that intra-articular and nerve damage, open fractures and multi-system injuries affected range of motion, union and complications. Sex, age, vascular damage and ipsilateral injuries of the patient did not adversely impact the outcome. All of the included studies were classified as very-low quality of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current knowledge regarding the characteristics of floating elbow in adults is limited, albeit we were able to provide possible pre-operative predictor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.31843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T23:50:02Z","timestamp":1643413802000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Floating Elbow in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Ditsios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4324-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Christidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Katerini, Greece","department":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Konstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iosafat","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Christidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","department":["School of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tryfon","family":"Ditsios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lazaros","family":"Kostretzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Triantafyllos","family":"Katsimenzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Chitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pericles","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital of Thessaloniki \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d, Greece","department":["Second Academic Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199805000-00012","article-title":"Functional outcomes of \"floating elbow\" injuries in adult patients.","volume":"12","author":"K Yokoyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.","volume":"6","author":"David Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1549-1676","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]","author":"J.P.T. Higgins","journal-title":"http:\/\/www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality if nonrandomized studies in meta analyses.","author":"G.A. Wells","year":"2013","journal-title":"http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Andreas Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0393-2990","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2018.10.009","article-title":"Performance and Safety of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter (AMS 800) for Non-neurogenic Women with Urinary Incontinence Secondary to Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Christine R. Reus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"7454","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"David Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0959-8138","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198407000-00004","article-title":"A biomechanical study of normal functional wrist motion","volume":"NO. 187","author":"R. H. Brumfield","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.19070\/2470-4520-1700014","article-title":"Floating Dislocated Elbow: A Case Report","author":"A. El Ayoubi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Bone Rheumatol Res"},{"issue":"Rev.CAMES-S\u00e9rieA","key":"ref10","article-title":"Coudes flottants et d\u00e9rives: aspects nosoloqiques 'et r\u00e9sultats th\u00e9rapeutiques \u00e0 propos de 7cas - PDF Free Download","volume":"04","author":"N. M. Anoumou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci M\u00e9decine"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200309000-00004","article-title":"A review of outcomes in 18 patients with floating elbow.","volume":"17","author":"Harrison B Solomon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0890-5339","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20080601-01","article-title":"Management of elbow ankylosis in a head injured patient with floating elbow injury","volume":"31","author":"Alejandro Badia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-013-0522-y","article-title":"Floating dislocated elbow with ipsilateral shoulder dislocation: double dislocation upper arm.","volume":"20","author":"Camilla Bettuzzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci Off J Japanese Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(15)30039-5","article-title":"Floating elbow in a polytrauma patient: timing and surgical strategy.","volume":"46 Suppl 7","author":"Gianluca Bisinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000203569.57055.90","article-title":"Floating Dislocated Elbow: A Variant with Articular Fracture of the Humerus","volume":"60","author":"Pablo De Carli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma Inj Infect Crit Care","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-5282","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2012.08.008","article-title":"[Floating elbow: retrospective study and review of literature].","volume":"31","author":"A El Ibrahimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-011-0102-7","article-title":"Repeated floating elbow injury after high-energy trauma.","volume":"6","author":"Olimpio Galasso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strateg trauma limb Reconstr"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2014.10.004","article-title":"Elbow dislocation with ipsilateral diaphyseal forearm bone fracture: A rare injury report with literature review","volume":"18","author":"Vijay Goni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese J Traumatol - English Ed","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1008-1275","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"015","DOI":"10.17352\/pjor.000009","article-title":"Case Report: Floating Elbow with Posterior Shoulder Dislocation","author":"Halil Kafadar Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open J Orthop Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","first-page":"9","article-title":"[Floating elbows: anatomo-clinical aspect and review of treatment method].","volume":"28","author":"L Lamah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mali Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7430297","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7430297","article-title":"Combined Ipsilateral Humeral Shaft and Galeazzi Fractures Creating a Floating Elbow Variant.","volume":"2018","author":"Patrick Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5397\/cise.2015.18.1.8","article-title":"Classic Floating Elbow in Adults: A Case Series","volume":"18","author":"Chul-Hyun Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Shoulder Elb","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2383-8337","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200012000-00007","article-title":"Hybrid external fixation in high-energy elbow fractures: a modular system with a promising future.","volume":"49","author":"A Lerner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref24","first-page":"38","article-title":"The Floating Elbow: Clinical and Forensic Aspects","author":"M. Trigui","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.I. M. Sfax"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20200733","article-title":"Floating elbows in adults: epidemiology, clinical presentation, management and prognosis: Brazzaville Teaching Hospital experience","volume":"6","author":"Monka Marius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Res Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","first-page":"99","article-title":"Codo flotante del adulto","volume":"66","author":"Miguel Slullite Miguel Capomassi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Asoc. Arg. Ortop. y Traumatol."},{"issue":"1-S","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v90i1-S.8010","article-title":"Annular ligament repair using allograft for the treatment of chronic radial head dislocation: a case report.","volume":"90","author":"Carlotta Pari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref28","first-page":"38","article-title":"A Novel Technique of Management of Open Fracture of Forearm In Floating Elbow Injuries In Adults Using A Combination of Locking Compression Plate For Humerus With External Fixation And Pinning Forearm Fractures: A Prospective Study.","volume":"7","author":"Roel Langshong, Debasish Parija2 Prabhu Shrinivas Prashanth P, Rai, Trinajit Debbarma SD","year":"2017","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","article-title":"Ipsilateral multiple injuries of the upper limp","volume":"17","author":"M Al-Zahrani Salem","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bahrain Med Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199708000-00024","article-title":"Ipsilateral humeral shaft and Galeazzi fractures with a posterolateral dislocation of the elbow: a variant of the \"floating dislocated elbow.\".","volume":"43","author":"S Sarup","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trauma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-5282","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"02\/03","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981164","article-title":"Simultaneous Injury to the Humerus and Forearm on the Same Side of the Body or \u201cThe Floating Elbow\u201d in Children and Adults","volume":"15","author":"W. Stoik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteosynthesis Trauma Care","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1618-971X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","first-page":"212","article-title":"Management of Ipsilateral Fractures of Humerus and Forearm in Adults","volume":"1","author":"Sung-Keun Sohn, Byeong-Hwan Kim S-WY.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Korean Shoulder-Elbow Soc"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198011000-00031","article-title":"Simultaneous ipsilateral fractures of the arm and forearm in children","volume":"No.153","author":"C. L. Stanitski","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-921X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198906000-00032","article-title":"Floating dislocated elbow: case report and review of the literature.","volume":"29","author":"S F Viegas","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: A new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","volume":"64","author":"Gordon H. Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00001","article-title":"Introducing levels of evidence to the journal","volume":"85","author":"James G. Wright","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9355","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"318","key":"ref37","first-page":"43","article-title":"Complex fracture patterns of the upper extremity","author":"N. S. Simpson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1528-1132","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197602000-00007","article-title":"Ipsilateral fractures of the elbow and forearm","volume":"69","author":"Frederick E. Reed","year":"1976","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199003000-00002","article-title":"External fixation of high-energy upper extremity injuries","volume":"4","author":"Douglas K. Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.77b5.7559713","article-title":"The 'floating elbow' in children: Simultaneous supracondylar fractures of the humerus and of the forearm in the same upper limb","volume":"77","author":"P. A. Templeton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series B","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0301-620X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref41","first-page":"25","article-title":"Immediate internal fixation of open fractures of the diaphysis of the forearm.","volume":"6","author":"R. Duncan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of orthopaedic trauma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0890-5339","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199012000-00012","article-title":"Management of severe musculoskeletal injuries of the upper extremity","volume":"4","author":"L. Scott Levin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1531-2291","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199109000-00004","article-title":"Immediate internal fixation of high-energy open forearm fractures","volume":"5","author":"Jeffrey A. Jones","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.09.005","article-title":"Floating elbow injuries in adults: Prognostic factors affecting clinical outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Konstantinos Ditsios","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.11.008","article-title":"Intermediate-term outcomes for floating elbow and floating elbow variant injuries","volume":"22","author":"Christopher R. Jockel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197903000-00009","article-title":"Fractures of the humerus, radius, and Ulna in the same extremity","volume":"19","author":"Raymond O. Pierce","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Trauma - Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00009","article-title":"Management of concomitant ipsilateral fractures of the humerus and forearm.","volume":"66","author":"J F Rogers","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198505000-00017","article-title":"Skeletal management of humeral shaft fractures associated with forearm fractures","volume":"NO. 195","author":"R. H. Lange","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-921X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-016-1866-8","article-title":"Analysis of complications after a floating elbow injury.","volume":"27","author":"Ver\u00f3nica Jim\u00e9nez-D\u00edaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Orthopedic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/31843-floating-elbow-in-adults-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T12:46:58Z","timestamp":1750078018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/31843-floating-elbow-in-adults-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.31843","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]}}}