{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:00:17Z","timestamp":1785420017170,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spondylolisthesis refers to the anterior, lateral, or posterior slippage of a superior vertebral disc over the adjacent inferior disc, and is often separated into categories based on the causative etiology. Spondylolisthesis is often asymptomatic but may present with low back pain and neurogenic claudication which is worsened with spinal extension and activity. A detailed history and physical exam, along with appropriate imaging tests are useful in making the diagnosis. Conservative therapy is first-line and includes pain management with physical therapy. Patients who fail conservative therapy may consider surgical decompression, stabilization, and fusion. This review aims to discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment options of spondylolisthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.36917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T12:58:16Z","timestamp":1658926696000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spondylolisthesis"],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4918-0060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00qqv6244","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Scofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Shreveport"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payton","family":"Mangham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Shreveport"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Shreveport"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Shreveport"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818edcfd","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: Prevalence and association with low back pain in the adult community-based population","volume":"34","author":"Leonid Kalichman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1942-2","article-title":"L5 spondylolysis\/spondylolisthesis: A comprehensive review with an anatomic focus","volume":"29","author":"Paul Foreman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000245947.31473.0a","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in asymptomatic patients","volume":"31","author":"Lily M. Belfi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(03)00062-0","article-title":"Spondylolisthesis in the athlete","volume":"21","author":"R. Lane Wimberly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinics in Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","article-title":"Orientation in Young Gymnasts","volume":"28","author":"Charles-william Toueg","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","series-title":"European Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180595","article-title":"Imaging of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"6","author":"P. R. Hession","year":"1996","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0938-7994","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"SUPPL.2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2326-8","article-title":"AIS and spondylolisthesis","volume":"22","author":"Marco Crostelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00057","article-title":"Instructional Course Lectures","volume":"86","author":"Edward N. Hanley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9355","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2007.02.010","article-title":"Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis","volume":"18","author":"Lionel N. Metz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001153","article-title":"Classification in Brief: The Meyerding Classification System of Spondylolisthesis","volume":"478","author":"Ezekial Koslosky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cdd1aa","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of newly developed degenerative spondylolisthesis in a mean twelve-year prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Kiyoshi Aono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199912150-00011","article-title":"Spondylolisthesis in children.","volume":"21","author":"L. L. WILTSE","year":"1961","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.08.034","article-title":"Guideline summary review: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"16","author":"D. Scott Kreiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001153","article-title":"Classification in Brief: The Meyerding Classification System of Spondylolisthesis","volume":"478","author":"Ezekial Koslosky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1053\/J.SEMSS.2014.09.003","article-title":"The radiographic parameters for the prediction of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"26","author":"V. Satyajit Marawar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seminars in Spine Surgery","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-7383","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000298","article-title":"Degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"28","author":"Theodore D. Koreckij","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200607000-00004","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents: I. Diagnosis, natural history, and nonsurgical management","volume":"14","author":"Cavalier R","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1067-151X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0543-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and conservative management of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"17","author":"Leonid Kalichman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0940-6719","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: Trends in Management : JAAOS - Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1053\/J.SEMSS.2014.09.005","article-title":"Management of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the pediatric population: A review","volume":"26","author":"Mark A. Attiah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Spine Surg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-7383","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.13.1.2","article-title":"Isthmic spondylolisthesis.","volume":"13","author":"Aruna Ganju","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Classification of Spondyloisis and Spondylolisthesis : Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research\u00ae"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JOR.2018.03.008","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: A review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Paul Gagnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1007\/S00586-003-0593-0","article-title":"Natural history of the aging spine","volume":"12","author":"Michel Benoist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rboe.2014.02.003","article-title":"Current concepts on the sagittal balance and classification of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"49","author":"Marcos Antonio Tebet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.11.055","article-title":"Guideline summary review: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"16","author":"Paul G. Matz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14444\/7044","article-title":"High-Grade Spondylolisthesis in Adults: Current Concepts in Evaluation and Management","volume":"14","author":"KYLE N. KUNZE","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2211-4599","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"78","article-title":"Spondylolisthesis : classification, diagnosis and natural history","volume":"1","author":"LL Wiltse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Spine Surg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/S00590-014-1560-7","article-title":"Management of spondylolysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis in fine athletes. A comprehensive review","volume":"25","author":"Theodoros Bouras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403000-00018","article-title":"SPECT evaluation of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"19","author":"Lusins JO","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0362-2436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198810000-00018","article-title":"The use of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the diagnosis of low-back pain in young patients","volume":"13","author":"Bodner RJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0362-2436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1148\/RADIOLOGY.180.2.1829845","article-title":"Low-back pain in adolescent athletes: detection of stress injury to the pars interarticularis with SPECT","volume":"180","author":"Bellah RD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0033-8419","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(97)80029-3","article-title":"The value of lumbar spine MRI in the assessment of the pars interarticularis","volume":"52","author":"Saifuddin A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Radiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9260","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(98)80313-9","article-title":"The radiological investigation of lumbar spondylolysis","volume":"53","author":"Harvey CJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Radiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9260","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"443","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BLO.0000200233.99436.EA","article-title":"Treatment of instability and spondylolisthesis: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment","volume":"443","author":"Vibert BT","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-921X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-22-04-203","article-title":"Surgical management of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis","volume":"22","author":"Frank J. Eismont","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"21 SUPPL.","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef8c5","article-title":"Effectiveness of spinal fusion versus structured rehabilitation in chronic low back pain patients with and without isthmic spondylolisthesis: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Kirkham B. Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0362-2436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v11i5.2924","article-title":"Correction of grade 2 spondylolisthesis following a non-surgical structural spinal rehabilitation protocol using lumbar traction: A case study and selective review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Curtis Fedorchuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI.2008.8.08122","article-title":"Microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach for lumbar spinal canal stenosis including degenerative spondylolisthesis: Clinical article","volume":"9","author":"Kunihiko Sasai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2019.03.006","article-title":"History of degenerative spondylolisthesis: From anatomical description to surgical management","volume":"65","author":"F. Bernard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"162","article-title":"Degenerative spondylolisthesis - PubMed","author":"M D Brown","year":"1983","journal-title":"Instructional Course Lectures"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B6.23014","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents","volume":"92","author":"A. I. Tsirikos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01012","article-title":"Evidence-based surgical management of spondylolisthesis: Reduction or arthrodesis in situ","volume":"96","author":"Umile Giuseppe Longo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000076916.90238.37","article-title":"Types of Spinal Instability That Require Interbody Support in Posterior Lumbar Reconstruction","volume":"28","author":"Itaru Oda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0362-2436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20192888","article-title":"Fusion in situ versus reduction for spondylolisthesis treatment: grading the evidence through a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Rui He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0144-8463","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2002.13.1.3","article-title":"Reduction of spondylolisthesis.","volume":"13","author":"Setti S. Rengachary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2006.04.011","article-title":"Surgical Treatment of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis","volume":"17","author":"Keith H. Bridwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2012.12.002","article-title":"Management of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis","volume":"24","author":"Manish K. Kasliwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E181","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002788","article-title":"Expectations for Postoperative Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Patients with Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"44","author":"\u00c9tienne Bourassa-Moreau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"S2","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5627-8","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgery procedure in isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"27","author":"Francesco Ciro Tamburrelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0940-6719","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1353-0","article-title":"Biomechanics of high-grade spondylolisthesis with and without reduction","volume":"54","author":"Wenhai Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5589-x","article-title":"Spondylolisthesis and tumors: a treatment algorithm","volume":"27","author":"Riccardo Cecchinato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.021","article-title":"Spondylolisthesis with Uncommon Congenital Deformity of L4-L5 Vertebral Fusion Treated by Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion","volume":"127","author":"Cheng Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"121","article-title":"[Traumatic spondylolisthesis of L5-S1] - PubMed","author":"P Barsa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.12.108","article-title":"Variability in Surgical Treatment of Spondylolisthesis Among Spine Surgeons","volume":"111","author":"Daniel Lubelski","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0101-4","article-title":"A proposal for a surgical classification of pediatric lumbosacral spondylolisthesis based on current literature","volume":"15","author":"Jean Marc Mac-Thiong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3144-3","article-title":"Surgery in lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: Indications, outcomes and complications. A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"F. Steiger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.02.011","article-title":"Future Studies and Directions for the Optimization of Outcomes for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis","volume":"30","author":"Luis M. Tumial\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000545","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of surgical treatment for degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis","volume":"39","author":"James S. Harrop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6 SPEC. ISS.","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000155576.62159.1c","article-title":"New concepts on the pathogenesis and classification of spondylolisthesis","volume":"30","author":"Kim W. Hammerberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810100495","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the pediatric and adolescent population","volume":"17","author":"G. Logroscino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000604892.88852.c6","article-title":"Lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"32","author":"Bethany Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Physician Assist"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000127","article-title":"Review of Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis","volume":"24","author":"Rachel M. Randall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1538-1951","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.02.002","article-title":"High-Grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis","volume":"30","author":"Aaron W. Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000127","article-title":"Review of Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis","volume":"24","author":"Rachel M. Randall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000298","article-title":"Degenerative Spondylolisthesis","volume":"28","author":"Theodore D. Koreckij","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1536-0652","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.02.002","article-title":"High-Grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis","volume":"30","author":"Aaron W. Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.08.034","article-title":"Guideline summary review: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis","volume":"16","author":"D. Scott Kreiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"}],"container-title":["Orthopedic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/36917-spondylolisthesis","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T15:03:21Z","timestamp":1739286201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/36917-spondylolisthesis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.36917","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}}}