{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:21:26Z","timestamp":1785410486906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Open Medical Publishing","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To provide an updated overview of recent literature regarding the clinical indications, management, and outcomes of humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Medline, Cochrane and Embase were systematically searched using keywords \u201chumeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament\u201d and others to identify studies reporting on management of HAGL lesions. Studies were double-screened and reviewed by two blinded authors according to selection criteria. Data was systematically extracted on the following topics: demographics, mechanism of injury, indication for treatment, treatment, post-operative complications, associated injuries, and outcomes including clinical outcome scores, clinical evaluations, and return to activity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n There were 14 studies included that evaluated a total of 119 patients with HAGL lesions. In these studies, 69% of patients were male with a mean age of 24 years. Sports (23.5%) and fitness training (41.2%) were the most common injury mechanisms. Instability was the most common indication for treatment, followed by pain and recurrent dislocations. 85 associated lesions were reported, with non-descript labral tears (34.5%) and Bankart lesions (22.4%) being the most common. Out of patients treated, 117 of 119 patients were treated operatively, with 60 open and 57 arthroscopic procedures. A variety of clinical outcome scores showed postoperative functional shoulder improvement and 97% of patients were able to return to some level of activity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n HAGL lesions commonly present with associated injuries, necessitating a high clinical awareness of their presentation and management options to prevent undiagnosed lesions that can lead to persistent instability and pain. Surgical management yields good clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.37830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T20:56:00Z","timestamp":1663016160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Indications, management, and outcomes of humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.52965","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chase","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine","department":["Orthopedics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine","department":["Orthopedics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cyrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02nkdxk79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","department":["Health Sciences Library"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Satalich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine","department":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine","department":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Vap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine","department":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"30777","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Successful Nonoperative Management of HAGL (Humeral Avulsion of Glenohumeral Ligament) Lesion With Concurrent Axillary Nerve Injury in an Active-Duty US Navy SEAL No to Separate Studies View Project Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute Low Back Pain in Active Duty Infantry View Project","author":"J.J. 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Karmali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2017.1309955","article-title":"Isolated HAGL lesion after arthroscopic Bankart repair in a professional soccer player","volume":"45","author":"Haluk Celik","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Physician and Sportsmedicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0091-3847","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcr.2020.100312","article-title":"Posterior shoulder instability due to isolated reverse HAGL lesion in a young gymnast: A rare mechanism of injury and surgical technique","volume":"28","author":"Joseph Maalouly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trauma Case Reports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2352-6440","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Orthopedic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/37830-indications-management-and-outcomes-of-humeral-avulsions-of-the-glenohumeral-ligament-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T12:46:58Z","timestamp":1750078018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/orthopedicreviews.openmedicalpublishing.org\/article\/37830-indications-management-and-outcomes-of-humeral-avulsions-of-the-glenohumeral-ligament-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.37830","relation":{},"ISSN":["2035-8164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2035-8164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]}}}