{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:10:10Z","timestamp":1790982610466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Biological Methods","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HPR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\nVasectomy is a procedure that results in permanent yet reversible sterility and remains a great contraceptive option for many. Previous research studies have highlighted frequency of vasectomy utilization, defining characteristics of individuals who opt for this method, various surgical techniques, and the risks and benefits associated with the procedure. What remains to be defined is why or why not individuals may experience post-vasectomy regret and whether the previous characteristics correlate.\nObjective\nThe objective of this review is to synthesize information regarding reasons individuals may regret their vasectomy and seek reversal, what options exist for accomplishing the reversal, and patients&amp;rsquo; fertility prognosis post-vasovasostomy.\nMethods\nThis review utilized a combination of secondary and tertiary data analysis across a wide scope of academic databases pertaining to the topic of interest.\nResults\nTypically, most males who have sought a vasectomy are satisfied with their decision, however, approximately 6% of this population seeks reversal. Key factors influencing vasectomy regret include age at the time of vasectomy, parental status, pre- and post-operative relationship status, unresolved physical and psychosexual problems, and development of chronic scrotal pain following the procedure. Few options exist for vasectomy reversal including microsurgical reconstructive vasectomy reversal (VR) and sperm extraction for in vitro fertilization. There is no guarantee that fertility will be restored in any case but a major predictive factor for success is the time interval prior to reversal.\nConclusion\nVasectomy is intended to be a permanent form of contraception; however, a minor chance remains that individuals may experience post-operative regret due to various factors. This warrants proper comprehensive counseling by the patient&amp;rsquo;s provider regarding benefits and risks, procedural outcomes, opportunities for reversal, and fertility prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.38241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T23:34:57Z","timestamp":1663198497000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Vasectomy Regret or Lack Thereof \u00a0"],"prefix":"10.14440","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Danyon","family":"J. Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Vining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Hasoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"D. Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Urits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5574","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Vasectomy _ Enhanced Reader"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmcp044148","article-title":"Long-Acting Methods of Contraception","volume":"353","author":"Herbert B. Peterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.08.003","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States","volume":"79","author":"James Trussell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0010-7824","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7486","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7486.296","article-title":"Recent developments in vasectomy","volume":"330","author":"Kerry Wright Aradhya","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Medical Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0959-8138","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(00)00482-9","article-title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Vasectomy","volume":"73","author":"Pamela J Schwingl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0015-0282","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Vasectomy: An Update","author":"P. Dassow","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004112.pub4","article-title":"Scalpel versus no-scalpel incision for vasectomy","volume":"2014","author":"Lynley A Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1465-1858","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Vasectomy: A Simple Snip?","author":"N Bhatta Dhar"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.11.812","article-title":"British Andrology Society guidelines for the assessment of post vasectomy semen samples (2002)","volume":"55","author":"P Hancock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9746","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1308\/003588405x71054","article-title":"Complications of vasectomy","volume":"87","author":"Ninaad S Awsare","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0035-8843","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13093","article-title":"Vasectomy utilization in men aged 18\u201345 declined between 2002 and 2017: Results from the United States National Survey for Family Growth data","volume":"10","author":"Xinyuan Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2047-2919","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.200073","article-title":"Review of vasectomy complications and safety concerns","volume":"39","author":"Fang Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"The World Journal of Men's Health","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2287-4208","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5, Part 1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aog.0000123246.11511.e4","article-title":"The risk of pregnancy after vasectomy","volume":"103","author":"Denise J. Jamieson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0029-7844","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1983.tb122678.x","article-title":"Vasectomy: What are the long-term risks?","volume":"2","author":"Gabor T. Kovacs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0025-729X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.1994.tb07592.x","article-title":"Vasectomy and vasectomy reversal","volume":"73","author":"W. F. 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Rungby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ugesky Laeger"},{"issue":"6340","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6340.490","article-title":"Who asks for vasectomy reversal and why?","volume":"285","author":"G Howard","year":"1982","journal-title":"BMJ","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0959-8138","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.12.003","article-title":"Childless Men at the Time of Vasectomy are Unlikely to Seek Fertility Restoration","volume":"136","author":"Darren J. Bryk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-4295","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/upj.0000000000000150","article-title":"Vasectomy in Men without Children: Demographics and Family Planning Attitudes from the National Survey for Family Growth","volume":"8","author":"Bobby B. Najari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urology Practice","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2352-0779","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Part 2 Vasectomy - UpToDate"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1973.9988060","article-title":"Psychological aspects of vasectomy in Malaysia","volume":"20","author":"H. Wolfers","year":"1973","journal-title":"Social Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0037-766X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","first-page":"310","article-title":"On the development of desire for refertilization among vasectomized men","volume":"33","author":"P. Goebel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Prax Psychother Psychosom"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00138.x","article-title":"Reversal of Vasectomy","volume":"17","author":"I. L. Jenkins","year":"1979","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0020-7292","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932000016229","article-title":"Who has a vasectomy reversal?","volume":"18","author":"Lynda Clarke","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9320","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599509180030","article-title":"A Long-Term Follow-up of 108 Vasectomized Men","volume":"29","author":"Bodil Ekman Ehn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0036-5599","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2307\/2134990","article-title":"Sterilization Regret Among U.S. Couples","volume":"18","author":"Stanley K. Henshaw","year":"1986","journal-title":"Family Planning Perspectives","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-7354","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.1976.10533987","article-title":"The Psychological Effects of Vasectomy for American Men","volume":"128","author":"Larry J. Bloom","year":"1976","journal-title":"The Journal of Genetic Psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-1325","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2003.04663.x","article-title":"Early and late morbidity after vasectomy: a comparison of chronic scrotal pain at 1 and 10 years","volume":"93","author":"R. Manikandan","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJU International","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1464-4096","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)36417-0","article-title":"What is the Best Pregnancy Rate that may be Expected from Vasectomy Reversal?","volume":"149","author":"Ira D. Sharlip","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-5347","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682x.175091","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal: a clinical update","volume":"18","author":"A Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1008-682X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"PSYCHOLOGIC VOLUNTARILY EFFECTS OF VASECTOMY IN CHILDLESS MEN","author":"R.A. Brown"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2009.05.011","article-title":"Techniques for Vasectomy Reversal","volume":"36","author":"Larry I. Lipshultz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urologic Clinics of North America","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0094-0143","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.097","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0015-0282","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14178","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal: Unilateral versus bilateral vasovasostomy","volume":"53","author":"Seyed Reza Yahyazadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0303-4569","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.03.050","article-title":"Vasectomy reversal vs. sperm retrieval with in vitro fertilization: a contemporary, comparative analysis","volume":"115","author":"Justin M. Dubin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0015-0282","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.04.013","article-title":"Vasectomy Reversal for Postvasectomy Pain Syndrome: A Study and Literature Review","volume":"86","author":"A. Scott Polackwich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-4295","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)38381-7","article-title":"Results of 1,469 Microsurgical Vasectomy Reversals by the Vasovasostomy Study Group","volume":"145","author":"Arnold M. Belker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-5347","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000001319","article-title":"The Utility of Sperm Cryopreservation at the Time of Vasectomy Reversal","volume":"205","author":"Jessica Marinaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-5347","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.0310","article-title":"Vasectomy re-reversal: effectiveness and parameters associated with its success","volume":"47","author":"Mariana S. Lorenzini","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Braz J Urol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1677-6119","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.01.004","article-title":"Microsurgical vasectomy reversal: contemporary techniques, intraoperative decision making, and surgical training for the next generation","volume":"111","author":"Russell P. Hayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0015-0282","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","article-title":"Vasectomy: is the apparent decline real or not?","author":"N Punjani","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13093"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.03.016","article-title":"Evaluation of Vasectomy Trends in the United States","volume":"118","author":"Kevin A. 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Potts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-5347","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Health Psychology Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.healthpr.org\/uploads\/file\/asp\/20250406170919dd8a29893.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.healthpr.org\/uploads\/file\/asp\/20250406170919dd8a29893.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T03:10:14Z","timestamp":1760411414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/healthpr.org\/journal\/HPR\/10\/3\/10.52965\/001c.38241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.38241","relation":{},"ISSN":["2420-8124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2420-8124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]}}}