{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:43:32Z","timestamp":1785739412519,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Journal of Biological Methods","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HPR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim\nThe present research sought at investigating the association between visual perception skills and written mathematical communication skills among a sample of students with learning disabilities in mathematics in Jordan.\nMethod\nThis was a cross-sectional correlational study that included a sample of 90 primary-stage students who were diagnosed as having learning disabilities in mathematics. To collect data, the researchers developed two data collection tools; the visual perception skills test (50 items) and the written mathematical communication skills test (6 items). The tests were validated and ensured for reliability before implementation on the original study sample. The data gathered in this study was analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS).\nResults\nThe results showed that there was a significant statistical association between visual discrimination and Written mathematical communication skills test (r=0.218), visual closing test and Written mathematical communication skills test (r=0.411), shape relationship perception test and Written mathematical communication skills test (r=0.438), Visual Integration and Spatial Relationship Perception Test and Written mathematical communication skills test (r=0.614), Visual information recall test and Written mathematical communication skills test (r=0.154). The results showed that there was a significant positive association between visual perception skills and written mathematical communication skills (r=0.509).\nConclusion\nThe study ended up with that there is a significant positive association between visual perception skills and written mathematical communication skills among students with learning disabilities in mathematics. The study recommends developing mathematical educational material based on the visual approach and improving these skills among students with learning disabilities to develop their written mathematical communication skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.89427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T22:07:21Z","timestamp":1699481241000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visual Perceptions Skills and its Association with Written \u00a0 Mathematical Communication Skills among Learning Disabilities \u00a0 Students in Jordan \u00a0"],"prefix":"10.14440","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Saida","family":"Aladwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worud","family":"Awamleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Qutaifan Ershed","family":"Alfayez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Rafi\u2019 Ali","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna Saleem Taha","family":"Abutaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5574","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.37256\/ser.212021547","article-title":"Parental Involvement in Children's Mathematics Learning Before and During the Period of the COVID-19","author":"Rita Panaoura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Education Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2717-5731","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11858-020-01130-4","article-title":"Word Problems in Mathematics Education: A Survey","volume":"52","author":"Lieven Verschaffel","year":"2020","journal-title":"ZDM","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1863-9690","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.22460\/infinity.v9i2.p147-158","article-title":"Challenges During the Pandemic: Use of E-Learning in Mathematics Learning in Higher Education","volume":"9","author":"Muhammad Irfan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infinity Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2460-9285","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198827474.001.0001","article-title":"Cognitive Neuroscience of Dyscalculia and Math Learning Disabilities","author":"V Menon","year":"2020","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9780198827474"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpsym.ijpsym_86_18","article-title":"Specific Learning Disabilities: Issues That Remain Unanswered","volume":"40","author":"Adarsh Kohli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0253-7176","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v19i3.3482","article-title":"The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Model on Students' Academic Achievement","volume":"19","author":"Emine Cabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1492-3831","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","article-title":"Cognitive Learning Theories with Emphasis on Latent Learning, Gestalt, and Information Processing Theories","volume":"9","author":"N., et al. \u00c7elik\u00f6z","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Instructional Studies in the World"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00104","article-title":"Characterization of Learning, Motivation, and Visual Perception in Five Transgenic Mouse Lines Expressing GCaMP in Distinct Cell Populations","volume":"14","author":"Peter A. Groblewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1662-5153","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-021-09618-5","article-title":"Math Performance and Academic Anxiety Forms, from Sociodemographic to Cognitive Aspects: A Meta-Analysis on 906,311 Participants","volume":"34","author":"Sara Caviola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-726X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09565-7","article-title":"Eye-Tracking in Educational Practice: Investigating Visual Perception Underlying Teaching and Learning in the Classroom","volume":"33","author":"Halszka Jarodzka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-726X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Psychological Concepts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003076384-13","article-title":"Perception: The Pursuit of Illusion","author":"Nicholas J. Wade","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.03.014","article-title":"Visual Form Perception is Fundamental for Both Reading Comprehension and Arithmetic Computation","volume":"189","author":"Jiaxin Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognition","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0010-0277","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15789-0_65","article-title":"Giftedness and High Ability in Mathematics","author":"Roza Leikin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-018-3480-z","article-title":"What Determines Flood Risk Perception? A Review of Factors of Flood Risk Perception and Relations Between Its Basic Elements","volume":"94","author":"Ewa Lechowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natural Hazards","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0921-030X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-018-0151-2","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 Perception of STEM Integration and Education: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"6","author":"Kelly C. Margot","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of STEM Education","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2196-7822","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.10.006","article-title":"Attention or Salience?","volume":"29","author":"Thomas Parr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2352-250X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2021.3114829","article-title":"Towards Understanding Sensory Substitution for Accessible Visualization: An Interview Study","volume":"28","author":"Pramod Chundury","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1077-2626","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmathb.2019.100738","article-title":"Empowering Students with Specific Learning Disabilities: Jim\u2019s Concept of Unit Fraction","volume":"56","author":"Jessica H. Hunt","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Mathematical Behavior","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0732-3123","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.18326\/hipotenusa.v2i2.98-119","article-title":"Analysis of the Mathematical Communication Ability of Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers Through Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic","volume":"2","author":"Sumargiyani Sumargiyani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hipotenusa: Journal of Mathematical Society","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2716-3156","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","first-page":"290","article-title":"Some Auditory and Visual Comprehension Skills Using the Computer and Their Relationship to Achievement in Mathematics for Second Grade Pupils in Assiut","volume":"36","author":"A., et al. Mahfouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Education"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Learning Disabilities - Neurobiology, Assessment, Clinical Features and Treatments","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.99038","article-title":"Impacts of Dyscalculia in Learning Mathematics: Some Considerations for Content Delivery and Support","author":"Rajendra Kunwar","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2834-1","article-title":"A Developmental Perspective of Global and Local Visual Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"49","author":"Jacalyn Guy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0162-3257","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Using Information and Communication Technology to Support Grade 6 Learners with Dyscalculia","author":"L.A. Cronje","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012682","article-title":"Developmental change in the acuity of the \"number sense\": The approximate number system in 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds and adults.","volume":"44","author":"Justin Halberda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1939-0599","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/10573560601158461","article-title":"The Linguistic Challenges of Mathematics Teaching and Learning: A Research Review","volume":"23","author":"Mary J Schleppegrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reading & Writing Quarterly","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1057-3569","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11858-014-0624-9","article-title":"Language and Communication in Mathematics Education: An Overview of Research in the Field","volume":"46","author":"Candia Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zdm","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1863-9690","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","first-page":"378","article-title":"The Influence of Mathematical Communication on Students\u2019 Mathematics Performance and Anxiety","volume":"4","author":"L.S., et al. Lomibao","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012083","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1538\/1\/012083","article-title":"Analysis of Students\u2019 Verbal and Written Mathematical Communication Error in Solving Word Problem","volume":"1538","author":"M A Maulyda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1742-6588","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.17583\/ijep.2019.3346","article-title":"Effectiveness of a Program Based on a Multi-Sensory Strategy in Developing Visual Perception of Primary School Learners with Learning Disabilities: A Contextual Study of Arabic Learners","volume":"8","author":"Mogbel Aid K. Alenizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Psychology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2014-3591","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-019-00684-4","article-title":"Components of Visual Perception in Marketing Contexts: A Conceptual Framework and Review","volume":"48","author":"Kevin L. Sample","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0092-0703","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.08.005","article-title":"Effects of Language on Visual Perception","volume":"24","author":"Gary Lupyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1364-6613","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/arcp.1049","article-title":"Seeing and Thinking in Pictures: A Review of Visual Information Processing","volume":"2","author":"Rashmi Adaval","year":"2019","journal-title":"Consumer Psychology Review","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2476-1273","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2018.1517732","article-title":"Defining the Nature of Blended Learning Through Its Depiction in Current Research","volume":"38","author":"Karen Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Higher Education Research & Development","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0729-4360","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617739704","article-title":"To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? Two Meta-Analyses","volume":"29","author":"Victoria F. Sisk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0956-7976","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.29333\/ejecs\/388","article-title":"The Perceptions of Primary School Teachers of Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Case Study in Indonesia","volume":"7","author":"Rasmitadila Rasmitadila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2149-1291","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Health Psychology Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.healthpr.org\/uploads\/file\/asp\/2025040421272094c1c4397.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.healthpr.org\/uploads\/file\/asp\/2025040421272094c1c4397.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T02:32:30Z","timestamp":1760409150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/healthpr.org\/journal\/HPR\/11\/1\/10.52965\/001c.89427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.89427","relation":{},"ISSN":["2420-8124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2420-8124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]}}}