{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:26:56Z","timestamp":1792844816552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Biological Methods","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HPR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction\nFibromyalgia is a complex disorder characterized by distributed and persistent pain often associated with fatigue and depression. The underlying causal agents of this dysfunction are not clear. Ketamine has been used to treat chronic pain in a variety of pain syndromes, including fibromyalgia, but the dosing protocols used are neither standardized nor consistent across cases. The current case presents an opportunity to contribute to a progression towards a consensus on ketamine dosing for fibromyalgia.\nCase Presentation\nA 60-year-old female presented with indications of fibromyalgia and was administered a 9-session IV ketamine treatment for pain. The initial dosing was 50 mg, with a concentration of 1.0 mg\/ml at an infusion rate of 0.8 mg\/kg\/hr. This was increased to 200 mg and eventually to 240 mg, maintaining a ketamine concentration 4.0&amp;ndash;4.8 mg\/ml at an infusion rate of 1.5 mg\/kg\/hr.\nManagement and Outcomes\nFollowing the first 9-session therapy, the patient reported &gt;50% pain relief from pre-infusion levels and was placed on a maintenance regimen in perpetuity. This regimen involves two monthly IV ketamine infusions, one day apart for two hours at a maintenance rate of 4.8 mg\/kg\/hr.\nConclusion\nKetamine by IV is an effective option for pain management in patients with fibromyalgia. Compared to previous case studies, it is recommended that increased total dose, frequent administration, and longer duration of infusions all may be necessary for ketamine to maximize its beneficial effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.89640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T21:59:11Z","timestamp":1701122351000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Maintenance IV Ketamine Therapy in the Fibromyalgia Patient: A \u00a0 Case Report \u00a0"],"prefix":"10.14440","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ruchir","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supurna","family":"Bhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5574","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12086","article-title":"Ketamine decreases postoperative pain scores in patients taking opioids for chronic pain: Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"14","author":"Antje M. Barreveld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1526-2375","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.08.015","article-title":"Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A double-blind placebo controlled study","volume":"147","author":"Robert J. Schwartzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0304-3959","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181685014","article-title":"Chronic phantom limb pain: The effects of calcitonin, ketamine, and their combination on pain and sensory thresholds","volume":"106","author":"Urs Eichenberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-2999","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(99)00308-5","article-title":"Ketamine reduces muscle pain, temporal summation, and referred pain in fibromyalgia patients","volume":"85","author":"Thomas Graven-Nielsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0304-3959","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000002479","article-title":"Ketamine infusion for pain control in elderly patients with multiple rib fractures: Results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Nathan W. Kugler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2163-0763","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2010.515978","article-title":"Ketamine for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain","volume":"11","author":"Ingeborg Noppers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1465-6566","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05317.x","article-title":"The analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in patients with chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans","volume":"42","author":"J. Persson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-5172","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/aln.0000000000003345","article-title":"Ketamine and magnesium for refractory neuropathic pain: A randomized, double-blind, crossover Trial","volume":"133","author":"Gis\u00e8le Pickering","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-3022","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.06.023","article-title":"Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1","volume":"145","author":"Marnix J. Sigtermans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0304-3959","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","first-page":"1615","article-title":"Fibromyalgia--are there different mechanisms in the processing of pain? A double blind crossover comparison of analgesic drugs","volume":"24","author":"J. S\u00f6rensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ITC33","DOI":"10.7326\/aitc202003030","article-title":"Fibromyalgia","volume":"172","author":"Matthew J. Bair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4819","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: A Clinical Review","volume":"311","author":"Daniel J. Clauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0098-7484","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25535","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.25535","article-title":"Ketamine for the treatment of chronic pain: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Jacob E. Israel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychol Res","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2420-8124","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Ketamine","author":"S.B. Rosenbaum","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/aap.0000000000000806","article-title":"Consensus guidelines on the use of intravenous ketamine infusions for acute pain management from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists","volume":"43","author":"Eric S. Schwenk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1098-7339","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Ketamine in acute and chronic pain management","author":"V.J. Orhurhu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/aap.0000000000000808","article-title":"Consensus guidelines on the use of intravenous ketamine infusions for chronic pain from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists","volume":"43","author":"Steven P. Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1098-7339","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083891","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment options update","volume":"22","author":"Rosalba Siracusa","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1422-0067","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2022.2100883","article-title":"Novel uses of ketamine in the Emergency Department","volume":"21","author":"Brian N. Corwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Safety","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1474-0338","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Health Psychology Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.healthpr.org\/uploads\/file\/asp\/20250404214315273704966.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.healthpr.org\/uploads\/file\/asp\/20250404214315273704966.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T02:37:40Z","timestamp":1760409460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/healthpr.org\/journal\/HPR\/11\/1\/10.52965\/001c.89640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.89640","relation":{},"ISSN":["2420-8124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2420-8124","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]}}}