{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:02:10Z","timestamp":1777579330023,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review clinical profile, management, and outcome in cases of traumatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 28 patients with the diagnosis of traumatic NLDO during a 12-year period was done. Data regarding nature and pattern of injury, associated damage, clinical features, investigations, management, outcome, and follow-up were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 28 patients reviewed in the study, 19 (68%) were male and 9 (32%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 30.1 years. The most common cause of traumatic NLDO was high-velocity blunt injury encountered in road traffic accidents (70%), and the most common pattern of injury was naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures (64%). Traumatic telecanthus was the most commonly associated periocular injury (54%). Twenty-one patients (75%) were investigated with computed tomography\u2013dacryocystography. A total of 26 patients were treated with external dacryocystorhinostomy with (75%) or without (18%) silicon intubation and 2 (7%) patients underwent dacryocystectomy. General anesthesia was administered in 19 (68%) patients and local anesthesia in 9 (32%) patients. Mean follow-up period was 7.71 months (range 3 months to 6 years). Successful outcome was recorded in 25 out of 26 eyes (96%) operated with external dacryocystorhinostomy with or without silicone intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Naso-orbito-ethmoidal fracture is the main cause of traumatic NLDO, commonly in young male individuals. Telecanthus is an important presenting feature. Computed tomography\u2013dacryocystography is a useful imaging modality in preoperative assessment and surgical planning. External dacryocystorhinostomy with or without intubation under general anesthesia gives good surgical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T13:12:35Z","timestamp":1364476355000},"page":"615-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Traumatic Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: Clinical Profile, Management, and Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bipasha","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai - India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mangesh","family":"Dhobekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai - India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199212000-00001","volume":"8","author":"Bartley G.B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199212000-00002","volume":"8","author":"Bartley G.B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"bibr3-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199303000-00002","volume":"9","author":"Bartley G.B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"bibr4-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000188346.29236.fb","volume":"17","author":"Uralo\u011flu M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"bibr5-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(85)90098-0","volume":"38","author":"Gruss J.S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"bibr6-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-35267-1_5","volume-title":"The Lacrimal System: Diagnosis, Management and Surgery.","author":"Schaefer D.P.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr7-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31166-X"},{"key":"bibr8-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(70)80072-8","volume":"23","author":"Stranc M.F.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"bibr9-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200401000-00011","volume":"15","author":"Becelli R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"bibr10-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627974","volume":"19","author":"Groell R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"bibr11-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.3.2554362","volume":"173","author":"Munk P.L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"bibr12-ejo.5000256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.53.3.174","volume":"53","author":"Malik S.R.K.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr13-ejo.5000256","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Acquired etiologies of lacrimal system obstructions. 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