{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:44:03Z","timestamp":1787031843122,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with prostaglandin analogs (PGAs)\u2013timolol fixed combinations versus the unfixed combination of the same PGAs and timolol 0.1% in gel-forming carbomer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) receiving for at least 4 weeks the fixed combinations of PGA-timolol, administered once a day in the evening (0.005% latanoprost with 0.5% timolol, 0.004% travoprost with 0.5% timolol, 0.03% bimatoprost with 0.5% timolol) were switched to an unfixed combination of the same PGA (once a day in the evening) with timolol 0.1% in gel-forming carbomer (once a day in the morning) for at least 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was to compare efficacy of fixed vs unfixed combinations in lowering IOP. The effects of both regimens on short-term IOP fluctuations were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 32 patients (64 eyes) fulfilled inclusion criteria: 17 patients received latanoprost-timolol fixed combination, 9 travoprost-timolol fixed combination, 6 bimatoprost-timolol fixed combination. For all considered time periods each unfixed combination induced an IOP reduction significantly higher than the corresponding fixed combination (paired t test: p&lt;0.05 in all measurements). The diurnal IOP reduction was significantly higher during the unfixed combinations (p&lt;0.001). Unfixed combinations significantly decreased IOP diurnal fluctuations and increased the percentage of patients with daily IOP fluctuation \u2264 2 mm Hg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, PGA and timolol seems to be more effective in POAG treatment when administered as unfixed combinations, reducing both IOP and daily fluctuations. The once a day timolol 0.1% gel-forming carbomer may be a valuable option in PGA-timolol unfixed combination regimen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T04:06:52Z","timestamp":1375416412000},"page":"683-689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Timolol 0.1% Gel and a Prostaglandin Analog in an Unfixed Combination Compared to the Corresponding Fixed Combinations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Nucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Varesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Martucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cesareo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Cedrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Mancino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Cerulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Exp. Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome - Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701934","volume":"20","author":"Cedrone C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"bibr2-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)01101-1","volume":"173","author":"Cedrone C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"bibr3-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2011.29","volume":"2","author":"Russo R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"bibr4-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)01131-X","volume":"173","author":"Nucci C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"bibr5-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2522081240","volume":"252","author":"Garaci F.G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"bibr6-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3811","volume":"278","author":"Nucci C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"bibr7-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.031","volume":"114","author":"Gordon M.O.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr8-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.196","volume":"128","author":"Chauhan B.C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr9-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.017","volume":"115","author":"Leske M.C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr10-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3182027796","volume":"21","author":"Cedrone C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"bibr11-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.701","volume":"120","author":"Kass M.A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr12-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1268","volume":"120","author":"Heijl A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr13-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.047","volume":"118","author":"Musch D.C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr14-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.2165\/11634460-000000000-00000","volume":"72","author":"Aptel F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"bibr15-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000009"},{"key":"bibr16-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000006"},{"key":"bibr17-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.080424","volume":"90","author":"Easty D.L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr18-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.139329","volume":"92","author":"Cox J.A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr19-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.027","volume":"113","author":"Diestelhorst M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr20-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.024","volume":"117","author":"Webers C.A.B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr21-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.02.058","volume":"140","author":"Schuman J.S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr22-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210701700108"},{"key":"bibr23-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.07.024","volume":"151","author":"Spaeth G.L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr24-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80048-5","volume":"23","author":"Shedden A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"bibr25-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00562.x","volume":"83","author":"Uusitalo H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"bibr26-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0328-0","volume":"244","author":"Uusitalo H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr27-ejo.5000292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.72","volume":"129","author":"De Moraes C.G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ejo.5000292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5301\/ejo.5000292","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ejo.5000292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:37:21Z","timestamp":1777405041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5301\/ejo.5000292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5301\/ejo.5000292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ejo.5000292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]]}}}