{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:25:50Z","timestamp":1792193150850,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in the gene expression of leukocytes between patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and controls have been described. This study was performed in order to detect the differences in gene expression in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX), and patients with NTG, and in healthy subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten patients with POAG, 11 patients with PEX, 10 patients with NTG, and 42 sex- and age-matched healthy persons were recruited. All study subjects were Caucasian. Twenty-two preselected genes were chosen and their expression in blood lymphocytes was quantified by real-time PCR. First, a univariate comparison among all groups was performed using the nonparametric Friedman test. Second, an L1 penalized logistic regression was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the Friedman test to compare the 4 groups, 9 genes showed a different expression (p&lt;0.05). Comparing the controls vs patients with POAG, 8 genes were differently expressed (p&lt;0.05). Comparing patients with PEX vs controls, 9 genes were significantly different (p\u22640.05). The statistical analysis of patients with NTG vs controls showed a difference in gene expression of 7 genes (p\u22640.05). All these genes were upregulated in the glaucoma groups compared with the controls. The genes RhoGDI and RAR showed the most significant statistical difference in the L1-penalized logistic regression. The genes overexpressed in POAG\/PEX differed from the ones in NTG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this masked study among the preselected 22 genes, several genes are overexpressed in the blood lymphocytes of Caucasian patients with glaucoma compared with the controls. The genes upregulated in POAG\/PEX differed from the ones in NTG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T06:11:45Z","timestamp":1373004705000},"page":"841-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Differences in Gene Expression in Lymphocytes of Patients with High-tension, PEX, and Normal-tension Glaucoma and in Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Stephan A.","family":"Fraenkl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Golubnitschaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn - Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Yeghiazaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn - Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selim","family":"Org\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Flammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel - Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10051"},{"key":"bibr2-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1282"},{"key":"bibr3-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002847"},{"key":"bibr4-ejo.5000306","first-page":"313","volume":"21","author":"Kvetnoy I.M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"bibr5-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.11.012"},{"key":"bibr6-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.21.5.867.5534"},{"key":"bibr7-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200402000-00013"},{"key":"bibr8-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-004-1094-5"},{"key":"bibr9-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0685"},{"key":"bibr10-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-010-0031-4"},{"key":"bibr11-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5866-7_9"},{"key":"bibr12-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-010-0032-3"},{"key":"bibr13-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(88)90115-9"},{"key":"bibr14-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2007.00607.x"},{"key":"bibr15-ejo.5000306","volume-title":"Imputing Missing Data for Gene Expression Arrays.","author":"Hastie T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr16-ejo.5000306","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing.","author":"R Development Core Team.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr17-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200404000-00003"},{"key":"bibr18-ejo.5000306","first-page":"774","volume":"36","author":"Quigley H.A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"bibr19-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8253"},{"key":"bibr20-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.07.003"},{"key":"bibr21-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0599fje"},{"key":"bibr22-ejo.5000306","first-page":"254","volume":"2","author":"Rosnowska M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pol Merkuriusz Lek"},{"key":"bibr23-ejo.5000306","first-page":"11","volume":"8","author":"Akopov S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev"},{"key":"bibr24-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.08.005"},{"key":"bibr25-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118392"},{"key":"bibr26-ejo.5000306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0736"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ejo.5000306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5301\/ejo.5000306","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ejo.5000306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:37:23Z","timestamp":1777405043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5301\/ejo.5000306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5301\/ejo.5000306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ejo.5000306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]}}}