{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1793406870765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]],"date-time":"2016-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scanning Scheimpflug provides information regarding corneal thickness and 2-surface topography while arc-scanned high-frequency ultrasound allows depiction of the epithelial and stromal thickness distributions. Both techniques are useful in detection of keratoconus. Our aim was to develop and test a keratoconus classifier combining information from both methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We scanned 111 normal and 30 clinical keratoconus subjects with Artemis-1 and Pentacam data. After selecting one random eye per subject, we performed stepwise linear discriminant analysis on a dataset combining parameters generated by each method to obtain classification models based on each technique alone and in combination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Discriminant analysis resulted in a 4-variable model (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.740) based on Artemis data alone and a 4-variable model (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.734) using Pentacam data alone. The combined model (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.828) consisted of 3 Artemis- and 4 Pentacam-derived variables. The combined model R value was significantly higher than either model alone (p = 0.031, one-tailed). In cross-validation, Artemis had 100% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity, Pentacam had 97.3% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity, and the combined model had 97.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pentacam, Artemis, and combined models were all effective in distinguishing normal from clinical keratoconus subjects. From the standpoint of variance explained by the model (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      values), the combined model was most effective. Application of the model to early and subclinical keratoconus will ultimately be required to assess the effectiveness of the combined approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T05:11:17Z","timestamp":1470978677000},"page":"129-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Combined Tomography and Epithelial Thickness Mapping for Diagnosis of Keratoconus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ronald H.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY - USA"},{"name":"F.L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY - USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raksha","family":"Urs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY - USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arindam","family":"RoyChoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY - USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Vision Clinic, London - UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Gobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Vision Clinic, London - UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan Z.","family":"Reinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY - USA"},{"name":"London Vision Clinic, London - UK"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier National d\u2019Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris - France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90105-7"},{"key":"bibr2-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20100218-01"},{"key":"bibr3-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20090610-06"},{"key":"bibr4-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12578"},{"key":"bibr5-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.06.023"},{"key":"bibr6-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20130129-08"},{"key":"bibr7-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.05.048"},{"key":"bibr8-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.06.025"},{"key":"bibr9-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20110721-01"},{"key":"bibr10-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e31820f1d2d"},{"key":"bibr11-ejo.5000850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-012-0003-z"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr12-ejo.5000850","first-page":"794","volume":"25","author":"McMahon TT","year":"2006","journal-title":"A new method for grading the severity of keratoconus: the Keratoconus Severity Score (KSS). 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