{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:46:58Z","timestamp":1779900418357,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the intraoperative complications between 23-G and 20-G instrumentation in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective comparative study of 4,274 PPV procedures by the same surgical team between 1998 and 2016. A total of 2,648 operations were carried out with 20-G surgery and 1,626 operations with 23-G surgery. Main outcome measures were the incidence of choroidal haemorrhage, iatrogenic retinal break, and lens touch.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most frequent surgical indication in both 20-G and 23-G was rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), 38.7% (1,026\/2,648) and 45.9% (746\/1,626), respectively. The frequency of choroidal haemorrhage was 1.0% with 20-G surgery (26\/2,648) vs 0.6% with 23-G (9\/1,626, p = 0.16). Subgroup analysis showed the increased risk was present in RRD surgery, 1.6% (16\/1,026) vs 0.1% (1\/746, p = 0.002), but not in all other indications combined, 20-G with 0.6% (10\/1,622) and 23-G 0.9% (8\/88, p = 0.46). This increased risk was also true for RRD when excluding combined scleral buckle surgery. There was an increased risk of iatrogenic retinal break in RRD cases undergoing 20-G, 5.8% (60\/1,026), compared to 23-G vitrectomy, 1.9% (14\/746, p&lt;0.0001). There was no difference in rates of lens touch between 20-G and 23-G.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>23-G microincisional PPV has a lower risk of choroidal haemorrhage and iatrogenic retinal tears than 20-G vitrectomy particularly for eyes with RRD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T08:48:32Z","timestamp":1474361312000},"page":"226-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Intraoperative Complications of Patients Undergoing Small-Gauge and 20-Gauge Vitrectomy: A Database Study of 4,274 Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"James E.","family":"Neffendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading - 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