{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:57:36Z","timestamp":1777784256611,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The degeneration and failure of xenogeneic heart valves, such as the Matrix P Plus valve (MP-V) consisting of decellularized porcine valves (dec-pV) and equine glutaraldehyde-fixed conduits (ga-eC) have been linked to tissue immunogenicity accompanied by antibody formation. In contrast, decellularized allograft valves (dec-aV) are well-tolerated. Here, we determined tissue-specific antibody levels in patients after implantation of MP-V or dec-aV and related them to valve failure or time period after implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific antibodies toward whole tissue-homogenates or alphaGal were determined retrospectively by ELISA analyses from patients who received MP-V with an uneventful course of 56.1 \u00b1 5.1 months (n = 15), or with valve failure after 25.3 \u00b1 14.6 months (n = 3), dec-aV for various times from 4 to 46 months (n = 14, uneventful) and from healthy controls (n = 4). All explanted valves were assessed histopathologically. MP-V induced antibodies toward both tissue components with significantly higher levels toward ga-eC than toward dec-pV (68.7 and 26.65 \u03bcg\/ml IgG). In patients with valve failure, levels were not significantly higher and were related to inflammatory tissue infiltration. Anti-Gal antibodies in MP-V patients were significantly increased in both, the uneventful and the failure group. In contrast, in dec-aV patients only a slight tissue-specific antibody formation was observed after 4 months (6.24 \u03bcg\/ml) that normalized to control levels after 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The strong humoral immune response to glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues is reduced in decellularized xenogeneic valves and almost absent in decellularized allogeneic tissue up to 4.5 years after implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]],"date-time":"2015-04-24T07:49:19Z","timestamp":1429861759000},"page":"199-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Immune Response to Crosslinked Tissue is Reduced in Decellularized Xenogeneic and Absent in Decellularized Allogeneic Heart Valves"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"B\u00f6er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GMP Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"},{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Schridde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMP Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Anssar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Braunschweig Municipal Hospital, Braunschweig - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Klingenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMP Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"},{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Sarikouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ansgar","family":"Dellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Pathology, Braunschweig Municipal Hospital, Braunschweig - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Harringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Braunschweig Municipal Hospital, Braunschweig - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Haverich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMP Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"},{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Wilhelmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMP Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"},{"name":"Division for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2012-0148"},{"key":"bibr2-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057"},{"key":"bibr3-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2011.04.008"},{"key":"bibr4-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.549311"},{"key":"bibr5-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-006-0360-1"},{"key":"bibr6-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00094-0"},{"key":"bibr7-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.01.028"},{"key":"bibr8-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2007.11.003"},{"key":"bibr9-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2099"},{"key":"bibr10-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70343-X"},{"key":"bibr11-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(02)00441-X"},{"key":"bibr12-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34168-6"},{"key":"bibr13-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2013.0316"},{"key":"bibr14-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.012161"},{"key":"bibr15-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185395"},{"key":"bibr16-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.01.120"},{"key":"bibr17-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00116-8"},{"key":"bibr18-ijao.5000395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.12.2059"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr19-ijao.5000395","first-page":"341","volume":"20","author":"Konertz 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