{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:57:39Z","timestamp":1777784259345,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]],"date-time":"2015-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Artif Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There have been few observations on the concurrence of tuberculosis (TB) and primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). We try to define their relationship from multiple aspects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with PNS (n = 386), secondary nephrotic syndrome (SNS, n = 60), pneumonia (n = 196), and TB (n = 156) were enrolled. Through a novel evaluation system, the evidence of TB infection (clinical, laboratory, and radiographic evidence) was classified into 5 levels: lack of evidence (level 0), mild-to-moderate evidence (level 1\u20132), strong evidence (level 3\u20134). Additionally, whether TB infection was primary or secondary to long-term steroid therapy for PNS was recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through the evaluation system, 42.24% (68\/161) of PNS inpatients had evidence of TB level 1\u20134, more than those in SNS (23.33%, P = .788) or pneumonia (22.45%, P = .004); 9.32% (15\/161) PNS inpatients had evidence of level 3\u20134, who should be considered as having TB; 13 of the 15 patients had TB before the onset of PNS; 61.75%(96\/153) PNS inpatients were abnormal on chest imaging. In the TB group, 28.21% (44\/156) patients had abnormal urinalysis, more than those in the pneumonia group (8.16%, 16\/196, P&lt;0.001). TB-related symptoms were seldom seen in PNS inpatients (cough 26.1%, fever 6.8%; night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss were negative).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Around 10% of PNS in children has an association with TB infection that preceded the onset of PNS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T06:25:06Z","timestamp":1431930306000},"page":"178-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Implication of Relationship between Tuberculosis and Primary Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Shu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan - China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan - China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan - China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan - China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.875"},{"key":"bibr2-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/937623"},{"key":"bibr3-ijao.5000402","unstructured":"The World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis report 2012. http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/archive\/en\/. Accessed on Aug 19, 2013."},{"key":"bibr4-ijao.5000402","first-page":"3","volume":"25","author":"National Technic Steering Group of the Epidemiological Sampling Survey for Tuberculosis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis."},{"key":"bibr5-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2010.09.036"},{"key":"bibr6-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02302-09"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr7-ijao.5000402","first-page":"71","volume":"53","author":"Mercadal L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"key":"bibr8-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.482"},{"key":"bibr9-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050368"},{"key":"bibr10-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1008049"},{"key":"bibr11-ijao.5000402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80760-3"},{"key":"bibr12-ijao.5000402","first-page":"70","volume":"24","author":"Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis."}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Artificial Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ijao.5000402","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5301\/ijao.5000402","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ijao.5000402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:40:06Z","timestamp":1777491606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5301\/ijao.5000402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5301\/ijao.5000402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ijao.5000402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0391-3988","1724-6040"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0391-3988","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6040","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,5]]}}}