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Nevertheless, exercise tolerance remains markedly limited even after LVAD implantation compared to a control group. The complex physiological and hemodynamic changes in LVAD patients, both at rest and during exercise, are not yet understood, or at least not completely.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>It is the aim of the present paper to describe the current state of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, the spectrum of diagnostic tools, including the noninvasive inert gas rebreathing method for measurement of cardiac output and associate parameters, are discussed. Options for training control in this special patient group are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T07:31:48Z","timestamp":1478849508000},"page":"451-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Physical Capacity in LVAD Patients: Hemodynamic Principles, Diagnostic Tools and Training Control"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Reiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sch\u00fcchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sch\u00fcchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde - Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Workowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sch\u00fcchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde - 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