{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:29:44Z","timestamp":1777789784072,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Biol Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We assessed the joint effect of age at enrolment, age at follow-up, family history of prostate cancer, prostate enlargement and seasonality on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) estimated through log-normal mixed-effects modeling in an Italian cohort of healthy, 45- to 65-year-old subjects over a 4-year period. The median ratio was used as the measure of effect. Median and mean baseline PSA were 0.78 (interquartile range: 0.41\u20131.50) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.19\u20131.35) ng\/mL, respectively. A similar median annual increase of 5.7% (95% CI: 4.8%-6.5%) was found for age at enrolment and age at follow-up. Individuals with moderate to severe prostate enlargement had a median PSA ratio of 1.040 (95% CI: 0.919\u20131.176) and 1.318 (95% CI: 1.128\u20131.539), respectively. Median ratios of 1.200 (95% CI: 0.026\u20131.404) and 1.300 (95% CI: 0.915\u20131.845), respectively, were computed for subjects with only one or more than one prostate-cancer-affected relatives. Regarding seasonality, the highest value was shown in summertime, the lowest in wintertime, and the resulting median ratio was 1.280 (95% CI: 1.117\u20131.468). Irrespective of age, baseline PSA was in most cases about 1.00 ng\/mL with a yearly median variation of about 5% over a 4-year period. Indeed, prostate enlargement, prostate cancer family history and seasonality showed a remarkable impact on PSA measurement. This should be considered when counseling patients with a PSA history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5301\/jbm.2011.8316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,12]],"date-time":"2011-06-12T13:30:53Z","timestamp":1307885453000},"page":"102-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Age, Family History of Prostate Cancer, Prostate Enlargement and Seasonality on PSA Levels in a Contemporary Cohort of Healthy Italian Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Angelo","family":"Naselli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Introini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Andreatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Puppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa - Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2008.53"},{"key":"bibr2-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084"},{"key":"bibr3-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031918"},{"key":"bibr4-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32300-5"},{"key":"bibr5-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.01.048"},{"key":"bibr6-JBM.2011.8316","first-page":"671","volume":"20","author":"Oesterling J.E.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"bibr7-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480160073037"},{"key":"bibr8-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000474708"},{"key":"bibr9-JBM.2011.8316","volume-title":"Applied longitudinal analysis.","author":"Fitzmaurice G.M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr10-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.069039"},{"key":"bibr11-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/38.10.2044"},{"key":"bibr12-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1065"},{"key":"bibr13-JBM.2011.8316","volume-title":"Theoretical epidemiology.","author":"Miettinen O.S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr14-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198524847.001.0001","volume-title":"Analysis of longitudinal data, 2nd ed.","author":"Diggle P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr15-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.1685"},{"key":"bibr16-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00698-1"},{"key":"bibr17-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.11.042"},{"key":"bibr18-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20286"},{"key":"bibr19-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21766"},{"key":"bibr20-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.10.026"},{"key":"bibr21-JBM.2011.8316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.08246.x"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Biological Markers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/JBM.2011.8316","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/JBM.2011.8316","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:58:03Z","timestamp":1777492683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5301\/JBM.2011.8316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5301\/JBM.2011.8316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/jbm.2011.8316","relation":{},"ISSN":["0393-6155","1724-6008"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0393-6155","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6008","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}