{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:15:30Z","timestamp":1777580130356,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To report the safety and efficacy of intravitreal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) with gas for managing submacular hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with submacular hemorrhage centered in or close to the fovea underwent hemorrhage displacement with intravitreal injection of rtPA (50 \u03bcg\/0.05 mL) followed by gas injection (0.3 mL SF\n 6<\/jats:sub>\n ). Anatomic and visual outcomes are described.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n = 4) and blunt trauma (n = 2) were the etiologies of submacular hemorrhage in this sample. Intravitreal injection of rtPA decreased the extent of submacular hemorrhage in all eyes, with complete hemorrhage displacement in 2 and partial displacement in 4. Visual acuity remained stable (n = 4) or improved (n = 2) after the procedure. Improvements in anatomic and visual outcomes were less evident in exudative AMD cases, which also had longer hemorrhage duration. Recurrence occurred only in 1 eye. No evident rtPA-associated retinal toxicity was observed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Untreated submacular hemorrhage has poor visual prognosis. Our results suggest that rtPA injection is a minimally invasive, simple, inexpensive procedure with few related complications. Cost-benefit of this injection seems acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]],"date-time":"2015-10-02T07:30:38Z","timestamp":1443771038000},"page":"e49-e51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intravitreal Injection of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Submacular Hemorrhage: Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, S. Jo\u00e3o Hospital, Porto - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, S. Jo\u00e3o Hospital, Porto - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro Alves","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, S. Jo\u00e3o Hospital, Porto - Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, University of Porto, Porto - Portugal"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, S. Jo\u00e3o Hospital, Porto - Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, University of Porto, Porto - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e2ndio","family":"Rocha-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, S. Jo\u00e3o Hospital, Porto - Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, University of Porto, Porto - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Falc\u00e3o-Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, S. Jo\u00e3o Hospital, Porto - Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, University of Porto, Porto - Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ejo.5000682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343066"},{"key":"bibr2-ejo.5000682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080050139046"},{"key":"bibr3-ejo.5000682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32348-0"},{"key":"bibr4-ejo.5000682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.074401"},{"key":"bibr5-ejo.5000682","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199616030-00001"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ejo.5000682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5301\/ejo.5000682","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/ejo.5000682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:40:04Z","timestamp":1777405204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5301\/ejo.5000682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5301\/ejo.5000682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ejo.5000682","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-6721","1724-6016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-6721","type":"print"},{"value":"1724-6016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}