{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:17:08Z","timestamp":1777789028589,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and microhardness of SonicFill\u2122 (Kerr), and compare it with Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) after 2 bleaching regimens.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Sixty cylindrical specimens (10 \u00d7 2 mm) of each of the 2 composites were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n = 20): groups 1, 2: no treatment; groups 3, 4: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); and groups 5, 6: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus LED. After treatments, specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5\u00b0C\/55\u00b0C, dwell time 30 minutes). A mechanical roughness tester was employed to measure the surface roughness parameters and the Vickers test to measure microhardness. One-way ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni methods with a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n For SonicFill\u2122, there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between the control group (no. 1) and the bleached groups (nos. 3, 5), but there was difference between CP and HP treatments; for Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE, there was no significant difference in microhardness among all groups. There was no significant difference in average roughness (R\n a<\/jats:sub>\n ) and the root mean square of the roughness (R\n q<\/jats:sub>\n ) among all groups. The mean roughness depth (R\n z<\/jats:sub>\n ) parameter showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill\u2122, but in Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE, there was a significant increase between control and bleaching treatments; roughness skewness (R\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n ) showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill\u2122 and Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE, except for nos. 2 and 4, where the R\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n increased with CP.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The microhardness of Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE is less affected by bleaching than that of SonicFill\u2122. Both bleaching treatments affect R\n z<\/jats:sub>\n in Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE in contrast to SonicFill\u2122, but only the CP treatment affects the R\n sk<\/jats:sub>\n of Filtek\u2122 Supreme XTE, with no significant effect of SonicFill\u2122.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5301\/jabfm.5000239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T06:21:59Z","timestamp":1448864519000},"page":"381-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Roughness and Microhardness of Composites after Different Bleaching Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andreia","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of\r Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of\r Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00edlcar","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology,\r University of Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology,\r University of Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel Marques","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of\r Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eunice","family":"Carrilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of\r Coimbra, Coimbra - Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"HaywoodVB HeymannOH Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence\n International. 1989207450173\u2013176"},{"key":"bibr2-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"American Dental\n Association. Tooth whitening\/bleaching: treatment considerations for dentists and\n their patients 2009 Available at: http:\/\/www.ada.org\/\u223c\/media\/ADA\/About%20the%20ADA\/Files\/ada_house_of_delegates_whitening_report.ashx.\n Accessed November 5, 2012."},{"key":"bibr3-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/313845"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr4-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"Hasson H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr5-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CullenDR NelsonJA SandrikJL Peroxide bleaches: Effect on tensile strenght of composite\n resins. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8445552\n 1993;69(3):247-249.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(93)90100-3"},{"key":"bibr6-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2006.12.001"},{"key":"bibr7-jabfm.5000239","author":"Labra AC","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr8-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400406"},{"key":"bibr9-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JoinerA The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. Journal of\n Dentistry. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16569473.\n 2006;34(7):412-419.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2006.02.002"},{"key":"bibr10-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.01.008"},{"key":"bibr11-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"1","volume":"77","author":"El-Murr J","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"bibr12-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2004.04.002"},{"key":"bibr13-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"O'BrienWJ Dental materials and their selection. 3rd ed. Hanover Park, IL Quintessence 2002."},{"key":"bibr14-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(00)00053-1"},{"key":"bibr15-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"MourouzisP KoulaouzidouEA Helvatjoglu-AntoniadesM Effect of in-office bleaching agents on physical properties of\n dental composite resins. Quintessence International. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23479582.\n 2013;44(4):295-302."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"137","volume":"27","author":"Yap UJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored restoratives. Oper Dent"},{"key":"bibr17-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-005-0016-1"},{"key":"bibr18-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.11.029"},{"key":"bibr19-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2007.00116.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr20-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"190","volume":"8","author":"Waly G","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"key":"bibr21-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"RosentrittM LangR PleinT BehrM HandelG Discoloration of restorative materials after bleaching\n application. Quintessence International. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15709495.\n 2005;36(1):33-39."},{"key":"bibr22-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697819"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"10","volume":"3","author":"Atali PY","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Oral Hyg"},{"key":"bibr24-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"CooleyRL BurgerKM DowMM Effect of carbamide peroxide on composite resins. Quintessence\n International. http:\/\/www.quintpub.com\/journals\/qi\/abstract.php?iss2_id=951&article_id=10929&article=9&title=Effect\n of carbamide peroxide on composite resins#.VjKZ__nhDIU\n 1991;22(10):817-822."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"15","volume":"28","author":"Wattanapayungkul P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"bibr26-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"SharafeddinF JamalipourG Effects of 35% carbamide peroxide gel on surface roughness and\n hardness of composite resins. Journal of Dentistry. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21998769.\n 2010;7(1):6-12."},{"key":"bibr27-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2005.tb00124.x"},{"key":"bibr28-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698871"},{"key":"bibr29-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MohammadiN KimyaiS Abed-KahnamoiiM Ebrahimi-ChaharomM SadrA DaneshiM Effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability\n of giomer and microfilled composite resin: an in vitro comparison. Medicina\n Oral Patolog\u00eda Oral y Cirugia Bucal. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3505706\/.\n 2012;17(6):e1082\u2013e1088.","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.17916"},{"key":"bibr30-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TurkerSB BiskinT Effect of three bleaching agents on the surface properties of\n three different esthetic restorative materials. Journal of Prosthetic\n Dentistry. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12806324.\n 2003;89(5):466-473.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(03)00105-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr31-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"155","volume":"24","author":"Zavanelli AC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"bibr32-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YuH LiQ HussainM WangY Effects of bleaching gels on the surface microhardness of\n tooth-colored restorative materials in situ. Journal of\n Dentistry. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18294750.\n 2008;36(4):261-267.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2008.01.008"},{"key":"bibr33-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"MujdeciA GokayO Effect of bleaching agents on the microhardness of tooth-colored\n restorative materials. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2006954286\u2013289"},{"key":"bibr34-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00187.x"},{"key":"bibr35-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2006.01.004"},{"key":"bibr36-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/05-75"},{"key":"bibr37-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2008.00190.x"},{"key":"bibr38-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"BaileySJ SwiftEJ Effects of home bleaching products on composite resins.\n Quintessence International. 1992237489\u2013494"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr39-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"7","volume":"2","author":"Prabhakar AR","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dent Oral Hyg"},{"key":"bibr40-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-6-2-18"},{"key":"bibr41-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"GurganS YalcinF The effect of 2 different bleaching regimens on the surface\n roughness and hardness of tooth-colored restorative materials. Quintessence\n International. 2007382e83\u2013e87"},{"key":"bibr42-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"ChethanM HegdeMN Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored\n restoratives\u202f: an in-vitro study. Indian Journal of\n Stomatology. 20123297\u2013102"},{"key":"bibr43-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"AlajwadiSA The effect of bleaching agent on the microhardness of composite\n resins. J Bagh College of Dentistry. 200820114\u201315"},{"key":"bibr44-jabfm.5000239","volume-title":"SonicFilll\u2122 system","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr45-jabfm.5000239","volume-title":"SonicFilll\u2122 system: material safety data sheet","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr46-jabfm.5000239","volume-title":"Technical product profile: Filtek Supreme XTE","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr47-jabfm.5000239","volume-title":"Filtek Supreme XTE: material safety data sheet","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr48-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(99)00051-2"},{"key":"bibr49-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/10-078-L"},{"issue":"17","key":"bibr50-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"5627","volume":"15","author":"Nathoo SA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Compend Contin Edu Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr51-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"398","volume":"24","author":"Wattanapayungkul P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"bibr52-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization. Geometrical\n product specifications (GPS): surface texture: profile method: terms,\n definitions and surface texture parameters. ISO 4287:1997\/Cor1 (1998).\n Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization,\n Technical Commitee TC 123; 1998."},{"key":"bibr53-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2341\/08-014-L"},{"key":"bibr54-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"DutraR BrancoJ AlvimH PolettoL AlbuquerqueR Effect of hydrogen peroxide topical application on the enamel and\n composite resin surfaces and interface. Indian Journal of Dental\n Research. 200920165\u201370"},{"key":"bibr55-jabfm.5000239","first-page":"85","author":"Sakrana AAE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Chin J Dent"},{"key":"bibr56-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.2002.tb00157.x"},{"key":"bibr57-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"FonsecaA Odontologia Est\u00e9tica: a arte da perfei\u00e7\u00e3o. 1st ed. S\u00e3o Paulo Editora Artes M\u00e9dicas 2008."},{"key":"bibr58-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(97)80038-3"},{"key":"bibr59-jabfm.5000239","unstructured":"MorC SteinbergD DoganH RotsteinI Bacterial adherence to bleached surfaces of composite resin in\n vitro. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and\n Endodontics. 1998865582\u2013586"},{"key":"bibr60-jabfm.5000239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698876"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/jabfm.5000239","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.5301\/jabfm.5000239","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5301\/jabfm.5000239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:55:13Z","timestamp":1777492513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5301\/jabfm.5000239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5301\/jabfm.5000239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/jabfm.5000239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2280-8000","2280-8000"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2280-8000","type":"print"},{"value":"2280-8000","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}