{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:01:16Z","timestamp":1785564076997,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPRS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"DOI":"10.53045\/jprs.2025-0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:08:06Z","timestamp":1759529286000},"page":"283-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Case Report of Severe Mastitis Leading to Breast Necrosis and Toxic Shock Syndrome during the Puerperium"],"prefix":"10.53045","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Suzuna","family":"Ishimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuria","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Asamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"31107","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Lappin E, Ferguson AJ. Gram-positive toxic shock syndromes. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009 May; 9 (5): 281-90.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70066-0"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Chuang YY, Huang YC, Lin TY. Toxic shock syndrome in children: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. Paediatr Drugs. 2005; 7 (1): 11-25.","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200507010-00002"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Reingold AL, Hargrett NT, Dan BB, et al. Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome: a review of 130 cases. Ann Intern Med. 1982; 96 (6 Pt 2): 871-4.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-6-871"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Wilson E, Woodd SL, Benova L. Incidence of and risk factors for lactational mastitis: a systematic review. J Hum Lact. 2020 Nov; 36 (4): 673-86.","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334420907898"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Gupta A, Gupta A, Ravi B, et al. Post-traumatic necrotising fasciitis of the breast: a case study with literature review. J Wound Care. 2019 Nov 2; 28 (11): 775-8.","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.11.775"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, et al. Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. BJOG. 2004; 111 (12): 1378-81.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00272.x"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"7. Riordan J, Wambach K. Breastfeeding and human lactation. 5th ed. Burlington (MA): Jones and Bartlett; 2016. 328 p."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Chen R, Chen J, Peng A, et al. Clinical therapeutic evaluation of vacuum sealing drainage and precise ultrasound-guided debridement in the treatment of non-lactational mastitis. Exp Ther Med. 2021; 21 (5): 480.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9911"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Baba N, Kajiyama M, Koike M, et al. A case of refractory mastitis likely caused by inverted nipples. Jpn J Clin Surg Soc. 1988; 49 (11): 2113-6. Japanese.","DOI":"10.3919\/ringe1963.49.2113"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Reddy P, Qi C, Zembower T, et al. Postpartum mastitis and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2025 Apr 14];13 (2):298-301. Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/eid","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.060989"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Namdaro\u011flu OB, Yaz\u0131c\u0131 H, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk AM, et al. Negative-pressure wound therapy in chronic inflammatory breast diseases. J Breast Health. 2016; 12 (2): 91-3.","DOI":"10.5152\/tjbh.2016.2908"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Kostaras EK, Tansarli GS, Falagas ME. Use of negative-pressure wound therapy in breast tissues: evaluation of the literature. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014 Dec; 15 (6): 679-85.","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.165"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Qiu L, Wang F, Xu Q, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy promotes healing and reduced pain in patients with acute suppurative mastitis. BMC Womens Health. 2022; 22 (1): 243.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01785-z"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Afzal H, Dawson E, Fonseca R, et al. Does negative pressure wound therapy impact the outcome for patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection infected with anaerobic bacteria? Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2024 Feb; 25 (3): 179-84.","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.300"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Pesce CE, Yao K. Abscess\/infections\/periareolar mastitis. Ann Breast Surg. 2021; 5: 25.","DOI":"10.21037\/abs-21-49"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16. Mastitis: causes and management [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2000 [cited 2025 Jun 8.]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-FCH-CAH-00.13"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Mitchell KB, Johnson HM, Rodr\u00edguez JM, et al. Academy of breastfeeding medicine clinical protocol #36: the mastitis spectrum, revised 2022. Breastfeed Med. 2022; 17 (5): 360-76.","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2022.29207.kbm"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Foxman B, D'Arcy H, Gillespie B, et al. Lactation mastitis: occurrence and medical management among 946 breastfeeding women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 155 (2): 103-14.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.2.103"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Bonventre PF, Linnemann C, Weckbach LS, et al. Antibody responses to toxic-shock-syndrome (TSS) toxin by patients with TSS and by healthy staphylococcal carriers. J Infect Dis. 1984; 150 (5): 662-6.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.5.662"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20. National notifiable diseases surveillance system. Toxic shock syndrome (other than streptococcal) (TSS) [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2011 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https:\/\/ndc.services.cdc.gov\/case-definitions\/toxic-shock-syndrome-2011\/"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Todd J, Fishaut M, Kapral F, et al. Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I Staphylococci. Lancet. 1978; 2 (8100): 1116-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92274-2"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Suzuki T, Matsuo T, Kijima Y, et al. Acute heart failure associated with toxic shock syndrome due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus during the postpartum period: case report and systematic literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022; 22 (1): 452.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02903-3"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Demey HE, Hautekeete ML, Buytaert P, et al. Mastitis and toxic shock syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1989; 68 (1): 87-8.","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348909087698"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. McAdoo GL, Monif GR. Expanding disease spectrum associated with puerperal mastitis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1997; 5 (6): 376-9.","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744997000689"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Fujiwara Y, Endo S. A case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) caused by MRSA thought to be caused by mastitis. J Jpn Assoc Infect Dis. 2001; 75: 898-903. Japanese.","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.75.898"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Andrews JI, Shamshirsaz AA, Diekema DJ. Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 112 (4): 933-8.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181866468"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Bakalov VK, et al. IL-12, TNF-alpha, and hormonal changes during late pregnancy and early postpartum: implications for autoimmune disease activity during these times. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86 (10): 4933-8.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.10.4933"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Singh N, Perfect JR. Immune reconstitution syndrome and exacerbation of infections after pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1; 45 (9): 1192-9.","DOI":"10.1086\/522182"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jprs\/5\/4\/5_2025-0040\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T05:29:26Z","timestamp":1785562166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jprs\/5\/4\/5_2025-0040\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53045\/jprs.2025-0040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2436-259X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2436-259X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"article-number":"2025-0040"}}