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Although the treatment process includes novel options such as immunotherapy in addition to classical options with a multidisciplinary approach, surgical treatment under general anesthesia remains the leading option. Considering a long-lasting cancer process, it is quite surprising that a very short-term anesthetic administration can have various effects on cancer cell behavior. Various anesthetic approaches such as regional blocks used in pain management, the use of anesthetic adjuvants such as \u03b2-adrenoceptor antagonists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intravenous lidocaine, and the choice of anesthetic drugs seem to have potential effects on long-term cancer outcomes. Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic drug that is used for both induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Many in vitro  and clinical studies examining the effects of propofol comparatively with other anesthetic agents on tumor recurrence and metastasis revealed possible effects on tumor cell signaling, the immune response, and the modulation of the neuroendocrine stress response. However, the evidence from all these in vitro  and clinical studies is different, complicated, and inconsistent. 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