{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:34:58Z","timestamp":1793136898827,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WJO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v8.i1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T04:21:59Z","timestamp":1484022119000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.5312","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Haris S","family":"Vasiliadis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tsikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Jordan JM, Helmick CG, Renner JB, Luta G, Dragomir AD, Woodard J, Fang F, Schwartz TA, Abbate LM, Callahan LF. Prevalence of knee symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. J Rheumatol 2007;34:172-180."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000151406.64393.00"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004257.pub2"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005115"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-013-0061-x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.11.013"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.01.016"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2013.770837"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00009"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4675"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002946.pub2"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21596"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011742"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200009)43"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.028886"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.06.014"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.12.013"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.013"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Heller L. US glucosamine grows slow, lags global sales ([Internet]. 2009). Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.nutraingredients-usa.com\/Consumer-Trends\/US-glucosaminegrows- slow-lags-global-sales\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\">http:\/\/www.nutraingredients-usa.com\/Consumer-Trends\/US-glucosaminegrows- slow-lags-global-sales<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.08.005"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.08.078"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13520"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Chan PS, Caron JP, Orth MW. Short-term gene expression changes in cartilage explants stimulated with interleukin beta plus glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. J Rheumatol 2006;33:1329-1340."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.01.007"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00052-9"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1999.0291"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3077"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00028-1"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem026"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.10.001"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0375-9"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10499"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.05.012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22003"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei171"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2000.24874"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.015"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.05.020"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2007.00158.x"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9485-7"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Kwan Tat S, Pelletier JP, Lajeunesse D, Fahmi H, Lavigne M, Martel-Pelletier J. The differential expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts is an indicator of the metabolic state of these disease cells. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008;26:295-304."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uebelhart D, Thonar EJ, Zhang J, Williams JM. Protective effect of exogenous chondroitin 4,6-sulfate in the acute degradation of articular cartilage in the rabbit. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998;6 Suppl A:6-13.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(98)80005-8"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0112"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00026-8"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2008.07.020"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Aghazadeh-Habashi A, Sattari S, Pasutto F, Jamali F. Single dose pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of glucosamine in the rat. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2002;5:181-184."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2002.0824"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.315"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.06.018"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2007.11.006"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Conte A, de Bernardi M, Palmieri L, Lualdi P, Mautone G, Ronca G. Metabolic fate of exogenous chondroitin sulfate in man. Arzneimittelforschung 1991;41:768-772."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronca F, Palmieri L, Panicucci P, Ronca G. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998;6 Suppl A:14-21.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(98)80006-X"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2008.08.004"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.11.1469"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.13.1514"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.06.023"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22728"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.02.013"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-0969-5"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052771"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23973"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uebelhart D, Thonar EJ, Delmas PD, Chantraine A, Vignon E. Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998;6 Suppl A:39-46.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(98)80011-3"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.01.004"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005614.pub2"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003081"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.20.2457"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18433\/J3XG6F"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3657"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.036368"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20609"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Owens S, Wagner P, Vangsness CT. Recent advances in glucosamine and chondroitin supplementation. J Knee Surg 2004;17:185-193.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1248220"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.01.006"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.07.009"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.01.019"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.02.021"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourgeois P, Chales G, Dehais J, Delcambre B, Kuntz JL, Rozenberg S. Efficacy and tolerability of chondroitin sulfate 1200 mg\/day vs chondroitin sulfate 3 x 400 mg\/day vs placebo. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998;6 Suppl A:25-30.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(98)80008-3"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(05)80006-8"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22526"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20867"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.18.2113"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03610-2"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24255"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00005"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000030.pub2"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-78"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509358266"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Orthopedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2218-5836\/full\/v8\/i1\/1.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T06:13:17Z","timestamp":1568700797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2218-5836\/full\/v8\/i1\/1.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v8.i1.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-5836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-5836","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}