{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:10:03Z","timestamp":1779185403527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"The Pennsylvania State University Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The economics of female sexuality in India are embodied in the caste system, which allocates women of certain caste groups to the domestic sphere and relegates Dalit\/lower caste women to religious\/sacred prostitution. The dominance of Shudra (often OBC) castes over religious spaces further marginalized Dalits and vulnerable lower-Shudra castes pertaining to the sexual exploitation of men and women within the institution of sacred prostitution. Shudra (OBC) castes\u2019 hold over religious institutions in contemporary society facilitated the hegemony of the Brahminic ideology of caste and patriarchy even in the lower-caste religious practices like worship of female deities such as Yellamma in south India. This article discusses the religious aspects of the oppression of Dalits (outcastes) shaped by lower-caste religiosity through a study of the conditions of Dalit men and women who are dedicated to the temples of village deities and are varyingly called Jogta, Jogtin, Jogini, Potaraju, Matangi\/Matamma, Shivashakti, Basavi, and Murali in different regions of south India. The current study is based on the experiences of Joginis and Jogtas from Telangana and Marathwada region of the state of Maharashtra. This article explores the livelihood aspect of the Jogini system, in other words, the economic vulnerabilities shaped by caste hierarchies that result in the perpetuation of the practice of sacred prostitution; how the caste hierarchies refigure in the reorganization of masculinities through the institutions of Jogini and Jogta; and how the question of Dalit self-respect is construed by Joginis and Jogtas within the paradigm of religious institutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5325\/critphilrace.11.1.0148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T12:43:52Z","timestamp":1680698632000},"page":"148-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["\u201cWhatever Happened to\n                    <i>Jogta<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Jogtin<\/i>\n                    ?\u201d: Subjugation of Dalits in Lower-Caste Religious Practices"],"prefix":"10.5325","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sowjanya","family":"Tamalapakula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tata Institute of Social Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3287","reference":[{"key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Subaltern Studies XI: Community, Gender and Violence","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"39","article-title":"\u201cThe Suffering Mothers: The Hindu Amman Goddesses as Empowering Role Models for Women.\u201d","volume":"15","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal for the Study of Religion"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speeches","year":"1979"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"On Violence","year":"1970"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"93","article-title":"\u201cBasavis in Peninsular India.\u201d","volume":"9","year":"1910","journal-title":"Journal of Anthropological Society of Bombay"},{"issue":"52","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"A149","article-title":"\u201cLand System in India: A Historical Review.\u201d","volume":"28","year":"1993","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Gendering Caste through a Feminist Lens","year":"2003"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"117","volume-title":"New French Feminisms","year":"1980"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"\u201cReport Submitted by Sri V. Raghunath Rao: One-Man Commission in Respect of Problems Faced by Joginies, Basavis, Mathammas and Devadasis and Their Children.\u201d","author":"Government of Andhra Pradesh","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Humiliation: Claims and Contexts","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Why I Am Not a Hindu","year":"1996"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"The Prisons We Broke","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Of Religion, Goddess and NGO: Jogini Women Reform and Dynamics of Social Change in South India","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cTheogamy in Rural India: Socio-Cultural Dimensions of the \u2018Jogini\u2019 System in Andhra Pradesh.\u201d","volume":"32","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Anthropologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"82","article-title":"\u201cFrom Devadasi Reform Act to SITA: Reforming Sex Work in Mysore State, 1892\u20131937.\u201d","volume":"5","year":"1993","journal-title":"National Law School Journal"},{"issue":"44","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"34","article-title":"\u201cIs the Hindu Goddess a Feminist?\u201d","volume":"33","year":"1998","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023040516434383200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1353\/fem.2011.0014","article-title":"\u201cWhen the Devi Is Your Husband: Sacred Marriage and Sexual Economy in South India.\u201d Special issue, \u201cConjugality and Sexual Economies in India,\u201d","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Feminist Studies"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Against the Madness of Manu","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Indian Women: Myth and Reality","year":"1995"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Devadasi Cult: A Sociological Analysis","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023040516434383200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1353\/fem.2011.0033","article-title":"\u201cCreating Conjugal Subjects: Devadasis and the Politics of Marriage in Colonial Madras Presidency.\u201d","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Feminist Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"73","article-title":"\u201cThe Hindu Temple-Dancer: Prostitute or Nun?\u201d","volume":"8","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023040516434383200_","first-page":"477","article-title":"\u201cDora and Gadi: Manifestation of Landlord Domination in Telengana.\u201d","volume":"27","year":"1992","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"2023040516434383200_","volume-title":"Recasting the Devadasi: Patterns of Sacred Prostitution in Colonial South India","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Critical Philosophy of Race"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scholarlypublishingcollective.org\/psup\/cpr\/article-pdf\/11\/1\/148\/1849674\/critphilrace_11_1_148.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scholarlypublishingcollective.org\/psup\/cpr\/article-pdf\/11\/1\/148\/1849674\/critphilrace_11_1_148.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T09:39:20Z","timestamp":1779183560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scholarlypublishingcollective.org\/cpr\/article\/11\/1\/148\/351208\/Whatever-Happened-to-Jogta-and-Jogtin-Subjugation"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/887359","label":"SECONDARY_X"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5325\/critphilrace.11.1.0148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-8684","2165-8692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-8684","type":"print"},{"value":"2165-8692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}