{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:05:42Z","timestamp":1774314342339,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A 4-year-old, intact male rottweiler was presented with a 10-day history of papulonodular dermatitis. At the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone and azathioprine to treat pemphigus foliaceus. Cutaneous neosporosis was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy specimens and a high serum antibody titer to\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    by\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    agglutination test. Electron microscopy examination of skin specimens further supported the diagnosis. Clindamycin therapy, together with withdrawal of immunosuppressive medication, resulted in prolonged clinical remission. This report documents cutaneous neosporosis in an adult dog and suggests that immunosuppressive therapy might be a predisposing factor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0380415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:23:20Z","timestamp":1410783800000},"page":"415-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cutaneous Neosporosis During Treatment of Pemphigus Foliaceus in a Dog"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Ordeix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal (Ordeix, Fondevila, Ferrer, Fondati) and the Hospital Cli\u0301nic Veterinari (Lloret), Veterinary School, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Spain and the"},{"name":"Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory (Dubey), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal (Ordeix, Fondevila, Ferrer, Fondati) and the Hospital Cli\u0301nic Veterinari (Lloret), Veterinary School, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Spain and the"},{"name":"Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory (Dubey), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolors","family":"Fondevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal (Ordeix, Fondevila, Ferrer, Fondati) and the Hospital Cli\u0301nic Veterinari (Lloret), Veterinary School, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Spain and the"},{"name":"Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory (Dubey), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal (Ordeix, Fondevila, Ferrer, Fondati) and the Hospital Cli\u0301nic Veterinari (Lloret), Veterinary School, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Spain and the"},{"name":"Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory (Dubey), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Llui\u0301s","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal (Ordeix, Fondevila, Ferrer, Fondati) and the Hospital Cli\u0301nic Veterinari (Lloret), Veterinary School, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Spain and the"},{"name":"Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory (Dubey), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Fondati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal (Ordeix, Fondevila, Ferrer, Fondati) and the Hospital Cli\u0301nic Veterinari (Lloret), Veterinary School, Universitat Auto\u0300noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193 Spain and the"},{"name":"Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory (Dubey), USDA, ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1269","volume":"192","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Carpenter JL, Speer CA, et al. Newly recognized fatal protozoan disease of dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1988;192:1269\u20131285."},{"key":"R2","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Lappin MR. Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,\n          1998:503\u2013509."},{"key":"R3","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lappin MR. Protozoal and miscellaneous infections. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, eds. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,\n          2000:408\u2013417."},{"key":"R4","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE, eds. Muller\u2019s & Kirk\u2019s small animal dermatology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,\n          2000:532\u2013533."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Vet Derm","first-page":"37","volume":"6","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Metzger FL, Hattel AL, Lindsay DS, Fritz DL. Canine cutaneous neosporosis: clinical improvement with clindamycin.\n          Vet Derm\n          1995;6:37\u201343."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Canine Pract","first-page":"21","volume":"22","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fritz D, George C, Dubey JP, et al. Neospora caninum: associated nodular dermatitis in a middle-aged dog.\n          Canine Pract\n          1997;22:21\u201324."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"79","volume":"78","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poli A, Mancianti F, Carli MA, Stroscio MC, Kramer L. Neospora caninum infection in a Bernese cattle dog from Italy.\n          Vet Parasitol\n          1998;78:79\u201385."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"257","volume":"79","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perl S, Harrus S, Satuchne C, Yakobson B, Haines D. Cutaneous neosporosis in a dog in Israel.\n          Vet Parasitol\n          1998;79:257\u2013261."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"R Vet Sci","first-page":"194","volume":"44","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ferrer L, Rabanal R, Domingo M, Ramos JA, Fondevila D. Identification of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in canine tissues by immunoperoxidase staining.\n          R Vet Sci\n          1988;44:194\u2013196."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1981","volume":"50","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lindsay DS, Dubey JP. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of Neospora caninum in tissue sections.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1989;50:1981\u20131983."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Parasitol Res","first-page":"50","volume":"84","year":"1998","unstructured":"Romand S, Thulliez P, Dubey JP. Direct agglutination test for serologic diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection.\n          Parasitol Res\n          1998;84:50\u201353."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"J Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"381","volume":"29","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ferrer L, Rabanal R, Fondevila D, Ramos JA, Domingo M. Skin lesions in canine leishmaniasis.\n          J Sm Anim Pract\n          1988;29:381\u2013388."},{"key":"R13","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dubey JP. Toxoplasma, Neospora, Sarcocystis, and other tissue cyst-forming coccidia of humans and animals. In: Kreier JP, ed. Parasitic protozoa. Vol. 6. New York: Academic Press,\n          1993:1\u2013158."},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"1","volume":"67","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Lindsay DS. A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis.\n          Vet Parasitol\n          1996;67:1\u201359."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"183","volume":"90","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Hamada T, Inoue N, et al. The role of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in the protective immune response of BALB\/c mice to Neospora caninum infection.\n          Vet Parasitol\n          2000;90:183\u2013191."},{"key":"R16","year":"1996","unstructured":"Diasio RB, LoBuglio AF. Immunomodulators: immunosuppressive agents and immunostimulants. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, eds. Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division,\n          1996:1291\u20131308."},{"key":"R17","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE, eds. Muller\u2019s & Kirk\u2019s small animal dermatology. 6th ed. 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