{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:48:05Z","timestamp":1775742485571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fracture stabilization using circular external skeletal fixation was evaluated in 14 dogs with antebrachial fractures and 11 dogs with crural fractures. Most dogs were consistently weight bearing on the stabilized limb by 3 days following surgery. Although all dogs developed minor wire\/pin tract inflammation and eight dogs developed major wire\/pin tract inflammation, postoperative lameness was not consistently associated with wire\/pin tract complications. Fractures in 23 dogs achieved radiographic union (mean\u00b1standard deviation [SD], 61\u00b121 days; median, 57 days) without additional surgery; two dogs required restabilization of their fractures with linear fixators. Twenty of the 21 owners that could be contacted felt their dog had no (n=15) or only a mild (n=5) intermittent lameness at the time of final, long-term (mean\u00b1SD, 37\u00b117 months; median, 42 months) assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0390479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:24:17Z","timestamp":1410783857000},"page":"479-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Circular External Skeletal Fixation Stabilization of Antebrachial and Crural Fractures in 25 Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Sports Medicine and the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Anderson, Lewis, Tommasini Degna, Cross), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126; the"},{"name":"Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center (Radasch), 4444 Trinity Mills, Suite 203, Dallas, Texas 75287; and the"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Marcellin-Little), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Sports Medicine and the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Anderson, Lewis, Tommasini Degna, Cross), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126; the"},{"name":"Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center (Radasch), 4444 Trinity Mills, Suite 203, Dallas, Texas 75287; and the"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Marcellin-Little), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Radasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Sports Medicine and the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Anderson, Lewis, Tommasini Degna, Cross), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126; the"},{"name":"Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center (Radasch), 4444 Trinity Mills, Suite 203, Dallas, Texas 75287; and the"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Marcellin-Little), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis J.","family":"Marcellin-Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Sports Medicine and the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Anderson, Lewis, Tommasini Degna, Cross), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126; the"},{"name":"Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center (Radasch), 4444 Trinity Mills, Suite 203, Dallas, Texas 75287; and the"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Marcellin-Little), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo Tommasini","family":"Degna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Sports Medicine and the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Anderson, Lewis, Tommasini Degna, Cross), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126; the"},{"name":"Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center (Radasch), 4444 Trinity Mills, Suite 203, Dallas, Texas 75287; and the"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Marcellin-Little), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Sports Medicine and the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Anderson, Lewis, Tommasini Degna, Cross), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100126, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0126; the"},{"name":"Dallas Veterinary Surgical Center (Radasch), 4444 Trinity Mills, Suite 203, Dallas, Texas 75287; and the"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences (Marcellin-Little), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Vet Comp Ortho Traum","first-page":"18","volume":"13","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tommasini Degna M, Ehrhart N, Ferretti A, et al. 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Management of antebrachial deformity and shortening secondary to a synostosis in a dog.\n          J Sm Anim Pract\n          1996;37:359\u2013363."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"231","volume":"27","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marcellin-Little DJ, Ferretti A, Roe SC, et al. Hinged Ilizarov external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities.\n          Vet Surg\n          1998;27:231\u2013245."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Vet Comp Ortho Traum","first-page":"118","volume":"12","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lewis DD, Radasch RM, Beale BS, et al. Initial clinical experience with the IMEX\u2122 circular external skeletal fixation system. Part II: use in bone lengthening and correction of angular and rotational deformities.\n          Vet Comp Ortho Traum\n          1999;12:118\u2013127."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Comp Cont Ed Pract Vet","first-page":"481","volume":"21","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marcellin-Little DJ. 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Part I: use in fractures of arthrodeses.\n          Vet Comp Ortho Traum\n          1999;12:108\u2013117."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"1153","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marcellin-Little DJ. Fracture treatment with circular external fixation.\n          Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract\n          1999;29:1153\u20131170."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"1187","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Welch RD, Lewis DD. Distraction osteogenesis.\n          Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract\n          1999;29:1187\u20131205."},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"124","volume":"41","year":"2000","unstructured":"Owen MA. Use of the Ilizarov method to manage a septic tibial fracture nonunion with a large cortical defect.\n          J Sm Anim Pract\n          2000;41:124\u2013127."},{"key":"R14","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rovesti GL, Schmidt K, Bosio A, Margini A. Treatment of radius-ulna fractures by means of the Ilizarov technique: 21 cases. Proceedings, 10th Ann Sci Meeting, Europ Coll Vet Surg, Velbert, Germany: July 6\u20138,\n          2001."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"279","volume":"38","year":"2002","unstructured":"Farese JP, Lewis DD, Cross AR, Collins KE, Anderson GM, Halling KB. Use of IMEX SK-circular external fixator hybrid constructs for fracture stabilization in dogs and cats.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          2002;38:279\u2013289."},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"1135","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson AL, DeCamp CE. External skeletal fixation: linear fixators.\n          Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract\n          1999;29:1135\u20131152."},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"103","volume":"42","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lewis DD, Cross AR, Carmichael S, Anderson MA. Recent advances in external skeletal fixation.\n          J Sm Anim Pract\n          2001;42:103\u2013112."},{"key":"R18","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ilizarov GA. The apparatus: components and biomechanical principles of application. In: Ilizarov GA, ed. Transosseous osteosynthesis. Theoretical and clinical aspects of the regeneration and growth of tissue. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,\n          1992:63\u2013136."},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"805","volume":"63","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wolf JW, White AA, Punjabi MM, et al. Comparison of cyclic loading versus constant compression in the treatment of long bone fractures in rabbits.\n          J Bone Joint Surg Am\n          1981;63:805\u2013810."},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"650","volume":"67","year":"1985","unstructured":"Goodship AE, Kenwright J. The influence of induced micromovement upon the healing of experimental tibia fractures.\n          J Bone Joint Surg Br\n          1985;67:650\u2013655."},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1185","volume":"8517","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kenwright J, Goodship AE, Kelly DJ, et al. Effect of controlled axial micromovement on healing of tibial fractures.\n          Lancet\n          1986;8517:1185\u20131187."},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Clin Ortho","first-page":"36","volume":"241","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kenwright J, Goodship AE. Controlled mechanical stimulation in the treatment of tibial fractures.\n          Clin Ortho\n          1989;241:36\u201347."},{"key":"R23","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"654","volume":"73","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kenwright J, Richardson JB, Cunningham JL, et al. Axial micromovement and tibial fractures. A controlled randomized trial of treatment.\n          J Bone Joint Surg Br\n          1991;73:654\u2013659."},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis","first-page":"10","volume":"53","year":"1993","unstructured":"Waanders NA, Lawton JN, Steen H, et al. Clinical estimation of Ilizarov fixator axial stiffness based on wire and half-pin contributions.\n          Bull Hosp Jt Dis\n          1993;53:10\u201312."},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Vet Comp Ortho Traum","first-page":"182","volume":"6","year":"1993","unstructured":"Egger EL, Histand MB, Norrdin RW, et al. Canine osteotomy healing when stabilized with decreasingly rigid fixation compared to constantly rigid fixation.\n          Vet Comp Ortho Traum\n          1993;6:182\u2013187."},{"key":"R26","series-title":"J Traum","first-page":"185","volume":"34","year":"1993","unstructured":"Egger EL, Gottsauner-Wolf F, Palmer J, Aro HT, Chao EYS. Effect of axial dynamization of bone healing.\n          J Traum\n          1993;34:185\u2013192."},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Clin Ortho","first-page":"104","volume":"280","year":"1992","unstructured":"Green SA, Harris NL, Wall DM, Ishkanian J, Marinow H. The rancho mounting technique for the Ilizarov method.\n          Clin Ortho\n          1992;280:104\u2013116."},{"key":"R28","series-title":"Ortho Clin North Am","first-page":"633","volume":"11","year":"1980","unstructured":"Winquist RA, Hansen ST Jr. Comminuted fractures of the femoral shaft treated by intramedullary nailing.\n          Ortho Clin North Am\n          1980;11:633\u2013648."},{"key":"R29","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"59","volume":"214","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dueland RT, Johnson KA, Roe SC, Engen MH, Lesser AS. Interlocking nail treatment of diaphyseal long bone fractures in dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1999;214:59\u201366."},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"454","volume":"27","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lewis DD, Bronson DG, Samchukov ML, et al. 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Milan, Italy: Med Surg Vido,\n          1991:31\u201341."},{"key":"R35","series-title":"Clin Ortho","first-page":"11","volume":"280","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kummer FJ. Biomechanics of the Ilizarov external fixator.\n          Clin Ortho\n          1992;280:11\u201314."},{"key":"R36","series-title":"Clin Ortho","first-page":"25","volume":"315","year":"1995","unstructured":"Freedman EL, Johnson EE. Radiographic analysis of tibial fracture malalignment following intramedullary nailing.\n          Clin Ortho\n          1995;315:25\u201333."},{"key":"R37","series-title":"Clin Ortho","first-page":"299","volume":"279","year":"1992","unstructured":"Orbay GL, Frankel VH, Kummer FJ. The effect of wire configuration on the stability of the Ilizarov external fixator.\n          Clin Ortho\n          1992;279:299\u2013302."},{"key":"R38","series-title":"Bristol, Avon: Clin Biomech","first-page":"441","volume":"13","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bronson DG, Samchukov ML, Birch JG, et al. A multi-variable biomechanical analysis.\n          Bristol, Avon: Clin Biomech\n          1998;13:441\u2013448."},{"key":"R39","series-title":"Clin Ortho","first-page":"23","volume":"280","year":"1992","unstructured":"Aronson J, Harp JH. Mechanical consideration in using tensioned wires in a transosseous external fixation system.\n          Clin Ortho\n          1992;280:23\u201329."},{"key":"R40","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"69","volume":"22","year":"1992","unstructured":"Aron DN, Dewey CW. Application and postoperative management of external skeletal fixators.\n          Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract\n          1992;22:69\u201398."},{"key":"R41","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1008","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dudley M, Johnson AL, Olmstead M, Smith CW, Schaeffer DJ, Abbuehl U. Open reduction and bone plate stabilization compared with closed reduction and external fixation, for treatment of comminuted tibial fractures: 47 cases (1980\u20131995) in dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1997;211:1008\u20131012."},{"key":"R42","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1445","volume":"209","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnson AL, Seitz SE, Smith CW, Johnson JM, Schaeffer DJ. Closed reduction and type II external fixation of comminuted fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs: 23 cases (1990\u20131994).\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1996;209:1445\u20131448."},{"key":"R43","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lowenberg DW, Herzka A, Nork S, Ashford F. Modification of shear to compression ratios with frame modifications for progressive fracture obliquities. Proceed, 1st Int Meeting, Assoc Study and Appl Meth Ilizarov (ASAMI),\n          1998:16."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/39\/5\/article-p479.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/39\/5\/479\/1330434\/0390479.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/39\/5\/article-p479.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/39\/5\/article-p479.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:47:11Z","timestamp":1763740031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/39\/5\/article-p479.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0390479","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}