{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:44:34Z","timestamp":1780343074965,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intravesical formalin is a known treatment for control of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by multiple etiologies in humans and dogs. This case report documents the successful use of intravesical formalin for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis that occurred secondary to emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog. In addition, a review of emphysematous cystitis and the use of intravesical formalin in human and veterinary medicine is discussed. Formalin instillation into the urinary bladder is an option for life-threatening, refractory cases of hemorrhagic cystitis; but clinicians must be familiar with the proper technique and be aware of potential complications prior to its use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0400064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:13:45Z","timestamp":1410783225000},"page":"64-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intravesical Instillation of Dilute Formalin for the Treatment of Severe Hemorrhagic Emphysematous Cystitis in a Diabetic Dog"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Todd D.","family":"Henrikson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schermerhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"703","volume":"218","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cohn LA, Cook CR, Priddy N, Johannes C. What is your diagnosis?\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          2001;218:703\u2013704."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1105","volume":"174","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sherding RG, Chew DJ. Nondiabetic emphysematous cystitis in two dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1979;174:1105\u20131109."},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc","first-page":"162","volume":"64","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davies NL, Williams JH. Emphysematous cystitis in a non-diabetic cat.\n          J S Afr Vet Assoc\n          1993;64:162\u2013164."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"144","volume":"39","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lobetti RG, Goldin JP. Emphysematous cystitis and bladder trigone diverticulum in a dog.\n          J Sm Anim Pract\n          1998;39:144\u2013147."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Sm Anim Pract","first-page":"433","volume":"20","year":"1979","unstructured":"Middleton DJ, Lomas GR. Emphysematous cystitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a non-diabetic dog.\n          J Sm Anim Pract\n          1979;20:433\u2013438."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"721","volume":"158","year":"1971","unstructured":"Root CR, Scott RC. Emphysematous cystitis and other radiographic manifestations of diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1971;158:721\u2013728."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1206","volume":"172","year":"1978","unstructured":"Weller RE. Intravesical instillation of dilute formalin for treatment of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in two dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1978;172:1206\u20131209."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"519","volume":"110","year":"1973","unstructured":"Shah BC, Albert DJ. Intravesical instillation of formalin for the management of intractable hematuria.\n          J Urol\n          1973;110:519\u2013520."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Urol","first-page":"573","volume":"3","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fair WR. Formalin in the treatment of massive bladder hemorrhage techniques, results, and complications.\n          Urol\n          1974;3:573\u2013576."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1785","volume":"38","year":"1976","unstructured":"Shrom SH, Donaldson MH, Duckett JW, Wein AJ. Formalin treatment for intractable cystitis.\n          Cancer\n          1976;38:1785\u20131789."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Urol","first-page":"315","volume":"2","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kalish M, Silber SJ, Herwig KR. Papillary necrosis as a result of intravesical instillation of formalin.\n          Urol\n          1973;2:315\u2013317."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/40\/1\/article-p64.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/40\/1\/64\/1331383\/0400064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/40\/1\/article-p64.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/40\/1\/article-p64.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:48:05Z","timestamp":1763740085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/40\/1\/article-p64.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0400064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}