{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:51:43Z","timestamp":1788587503977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nineteen dogs from Greece with chronic ehrlichiosis were studied. The dogs exhibited bicytopenia or pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, seroreactivity to\n                    <jats:italic>Ehrlichia canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) antigens, and had no history of drug or radiation exposure. Anorexia, depression, severe bleeding tendencies, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity were also hallmarks of the disease. All these animals eventually died, irrespective of the treatment applied. Some dogs were also serologically positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia conorii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>Bartonella vinsonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspp.\n                    <jats:italic>berkhoffii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Polymerase chain reaction testing of bone marrow samples revealed\n                    <jats:italic>E. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma platys<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in some dogs. Concurrent infections did not appear to substantially influence the clinical course and final outcome of the chronic canine ehrlichiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0400174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:15:04Z","timestamp":1410783304000},"page":"174-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Chronic Canine Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): A Retrospective Study of 19 Natural Cases"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mathios E.","family":"Mylonakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex F.","family":"Koutinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"Hegarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalambos D.","family":"Billinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas S.","family":"Leontides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilios S.","family":"Kontos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine (Mylonakis, Koutinas) and the Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Billinis), School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle\u2019s University of Thessaloniki, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece; the"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Laboratory (Breitschwerdt, Hegarty), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606; the"},{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Economics of Animal Production (Leontides), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100, Karditsa, Greece; and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health (Kontos), National School of Public Health, 11521, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"309","volume":"16","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neer TM, Breitschwerdt EB, Green RT, et al. Consensus statement on ehrlichial diseases of small animals from the infectious disease study group of the ACVIM.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          2002;16:309\u2013315."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"431","volume":"19","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harrus S, Bark H, Waner T. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: an update.\n          Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet\n          1997;19:431\u2013444."},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"73","volume":"36","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harrus S, Waner T, Aizenberg I, et al. Amplification of ehrlichial DNA from dogs 34 months after infection with Ehrlichia canis.\n          J Clin Microbiol\n          1998;36:73\u201376."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2745","volume":"37","year":"1999","unstructured":"Harrus S, Waner T, Bark H, et al. Recent advances in determining the pathogenesis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.\n          J Clin Microbiol\n          1999;37:2745\u20132749."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"50","volume":"14","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suksawat JB, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB. Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia equi and Ehrlichia risticii in sick dogs from North Carolina and Virginia.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          2000;14:50\u201355."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"467","volume":"58","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pappalardo B, Correa MT, York CC, et al. Epidemiologic evaluation of the risk factors associated with exposure and seroreactivity to Bartonella vinsonii in dogs.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1997;58:467\u2013471."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1436","volume":"48","year":"1987","unstructured":"Breitschwerdt EB, Moncol DJ, Corbett WT, et al. Antibodies to spotted-fever group rickettsia in dogs in North Carolina.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1987;48:1436\u20131440."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"453","volume":"15","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suksawat J, Xuejie Yu, Hancock S, et al. Serologic and molecular evidence of coinfection with multiple vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Thailand.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          2001;15:453\u2013462."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"34","volume":"16","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaskin AA, Schantz PS, Jackson J, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          2002;16:34\u201344."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1852","volume":"35","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wen B, Rikihisa Y, Mott JM, et al. Comparison of nested PCR with immunofluorescent-antibody assay for detection of Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs treated with doxycycline.\n          J Clin Microbiol\n          1997;35:1852\u20131855."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"194","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"Frank JR, Breitschwerdt EB. A retrospective study of ehrlichiosis in 62 dogs from North Carolina and Virginia.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          1999;13:194\u2013201."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","first-page":"197","volume":"91","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Billinis C, et al. Evaluation of the cytological diagnosis in the acute monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) of the dog: a comparative study between five cytological methods.\n          Vet Microbiol\n          2003;91:197\u2013204."},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1821","volume":"38","year":"1977","unstructured":"Pierce KR, Marrs GR, Hightower D. Acute canine ehrlichiosis: platelet survival and factor 3 assay.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1977;38:1821\u20131825."},{"key":"R14","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tvedten H, Weiss D. The complete blood count and bone marrow evaluation: general comments and selected techniques. In: Willard MD, Tvedten H, Turnwald GH, eds. Small Animal Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,\n          1999:11\u201330."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"226","volume":"6","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ristic M, Huxsoll DL, Weisiger RM, et al. Serological diagnosis of tropical canine pancytopenia by indirect immunofluorescence.\n          Infect Immun\n          1972;6:226\u2013231."},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"360","volume":"141","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harrus S, Kass PH, Klement E, et al. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: a retrospective study of 100 cases, and an epidemiological investigation of prognostic indicators for the disease.\n          Vet Rec\n          1997;141:360\u2013363."},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"355","volume":"186","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kuehn NF, Gaund SD. Clinical and hematologic findings in canine ehrlichiosis.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1985;186:355\u2013358."},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"615","volume":"24","year":"1988","unstructured":"Waddle JR, Littman MP. A retrospective study of 27 cases of naturally occurring canine ehrlichiosis.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1988;24:615\u2013620."},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1627","volume":"157","year":"1970","unstructured":"Huxsoll DL, Hildebrandt PK, Nims RM, et al. Tropical canine pancytopenia.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1970;157:1627\u20131632."},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"241","volume":"66","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harrus S, Waner T, Avidar Y. Serum protein alterations in canine ehrlichiosis.\n          Vet Parasitol\n          1996;66:241\u2013249."},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"25","volume":"63","year":"1996","unstructured":"Papadopoulos B, Morel PC, Aeschlimann A. Ticks of domestic animals in the Macedonia region of Greece.\n          Vet Parasitol\n          1996;63:25\u201340."},{"key":"R22","series-title":"J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"322","volume":"95","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kelly PJ, Matthewman LA, Mason PR, et al. Experimental infection of dogs with a Zimbabwean strain of Rickettsia conorii.\n          J Trop Med Hyg\n          1992;95:322\u2013326."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/40\/3\/article-p174.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/40\/3\/174\/1329708\/0400174.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/40\/3\/article-p174.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/40\/3\/article-p174.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:50:42Z","timestamp":1763740242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/40\/3\/article-p174.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0400174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}}}