{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:17:23Z","timestamp":1791893843033,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hematological parameters, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1were analyzed in 64 dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of pyometra. Final diagnosis (i.e., pyometra or cystic endometrial hyperplasia [CEH]) was determined by histopathology. As a single test, the percentage of band neutrophils had the highest sensitivity in the prediction of pyometra (sensitivity, 94%). The combination of percentage of bands and CRP had the highest sensitivity (97.7%; specificity, 75%) in predicting the presence of pyometra. The most common clinical signs noted in the study were vaginal discharge, polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, and gastrointestinal signs. A combination of three or more of these clinical signs was significantly associated with pyometra.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0400391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:15:46Z","timestamp":1410783346000},"page":"391-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["C-reactive Protein in the Differentiation of Pyometra From Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia\/Mucometra in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Boel A.","family":"Fransson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Karlstam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Bergstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sofie","family":"Lagerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude A.","family":"Ragle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Fransson, Ragle), Animal Science (Park), and Statistics (Evans), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7060; the"},{"name":"Department of Pathology (Karlstam), National Veterinary Institute, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; and the"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Bergstrom, Lagerstedt), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"1409","volume":"69","year":"1957","unstructured":"Dow C. 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Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch: should the two entities be disconnected?\n          Theriogenology\n          2001;55:1509\u20131519."},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Diabetologia","first-page":"1011","volume":"44","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gogos CA, Giali S, Paliogianni F, et al. Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein as early markers of sepsis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmosis.\n          Diabetologia\n          2001;44:1011\u20131014."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"408","volume":"237","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rivera-Chavez FA, Wheeler H, Lindberg G, et al. Regional and systemic cytokine responses to acute inflammation of the vermiform appendix.\n          Ann Surg\n          2003;237:408\u2013416."},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"396","volume":"164","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harbarth S, Holekova K, Froidevaux C, et al. Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis.\n          Am J Respir Crit Care Med\n          2001;164:396\u2013402."},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"E440","volume":"275","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moeniralam HS, Endert E, Ackermans MT, et al. The opiate sufentanil alters the inflammatory, endocrine, and metabolic responses to toxin in dogs.\n          Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab\n          1998;275:E440\u2013447."},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Lymphokine Cytokine Res","first-page":"69","volume":"10","year":"1991","unstructured":"Engelberts I, Moller A, Schoen GJ, et al. Evaluation of measurement of human TNF in plasma by ELISA.\n          Lymphokine Cytokine Res\n          1991;10:69\u201376."},{"key":"R19","year":"1989","unstructured":"SAS\/STAT User\u2019s Guide: version 6, 4th ed., vol 2. 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Prevention of in vitro neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells through shedding of L-selectin by C-reactive protein and peptides derived from C-reactive protein.\n          J Clin Invest\n          1997;100:522\u2013529."},{"key":"R23","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"1629","volume":"178","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tilg H, Vannier E, Vachino G, et al. Antiinflammatory properties of hepatic acute phase proteins: preferential induction of interleukin 1(IL-1) receptor antagonist over IL-1 beta synthesis by human peripheral mononuclear cells.\n          J Exp Med\n          1993;178:1629\u20131636."},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"529","volume":"30","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reny JL, Vuagnat A, Ract C, et al. Diagnosis and follow up of infections in intensive care patients: value of C-reactive protein compared with other clinical and biological variables.\n          Crit Care Med\n          2002;30:529\u2013535."},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"1232","volume":"26","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suprin E, Camus C, Gacouin A, et al. Procalcitonin: a valuable indicator of infection in a medical ICU?\n          Intensive Care Med\n          2000;26:1232\u20131238."},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Cirkulation","first-page":"373","volume":"107","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kereiakes DJ. The fire that burns within: C-reactive protein.\n          Cirkulation\n          2003;107:373\u2013374."},{"key":"R27","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","first-page":"117","volume":"25","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hayashi S, Jinbo T, Iguchi K, et al. A comparison of the concentrations of C-reactive protein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein in the serum of young and adult dogs with acute inflammation.\n          Vet Res Commun\n          2001;25:117\u2013126."},{"key":"R28","series-title":"Lab Anim","first-page":"434","volume":"34","year":"2000","unstructured":"Otabe K, Ito T, Sugimoto T, et al. C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement in canine serum following experimentally induced acute gastric mucosal injury.\n          Lab Anim\n          2000;34:434\u2013438."},{"key":"R29","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"487","volume":"56","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yamashita K, Fujinaga T, Miyamoto T, et al. Canine acute phase response: relationship between serum cytokine activity and acute phase protein in dogs.\n          J Vet Med Sci\n          1994;56:487\u2013492."},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna","first-page":"382","volume":"56","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krzyzanowski J, Wawron W, Krakowski L, et al. A study of unspecific immune mechanisms in bitches with pyometra.\n          Medycyna Weterynaryjna\n          2000;56:382\u2013385."},{"key":"R31","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","first-page":"85","volume":"17","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Shida T, Miyaji S, et al. Changes in serum C-reactive protein levels in dogs with various disorders and surgical traumas.\n          Vet Res Commun\n          1993;17:85\u201393."},{"key":"R32","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","first-page":"259","volume":"17","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yamamoto S, Miyaji S, Abe N, et al. Canine C-reactive protein (CRP) does not share common antigenicity with human CRP.\n          Vet Res Commun\n          1993;17:259\u2013266."},{"key":"R33","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","first-page":"81","volume":"32","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Jensen AL, Kristensen AT. Evaluation of a commercially available human C-reactive protein (CRP) turbidometric immunoassay for determination of canine serum CRP concentration.\n          Vet Clin Pathol\n          2003;32:81\u201387."},{"key":"R34","series-title":"Anim Reprod Sci","first-page":"87","volume":"74","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vannucchi CI, Mirandola RM, Oliveira CM. Acute-phase protein profile during gestation and diestrous: proposal for an early pregnancy test in bitches.\n          Anim Reprod Sci\n          2002;74:87\u201399."},{"key":"R35","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl","first-page":"159","volume":"47","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eckersall PD, Harvey MJ, Ferguson JM, et al. Acute phase proteins in canine pregnancy (Canis familaris).\n          J Reprod Fertil Suppl\n          1993;47:159\u2013164."},{"key":"R36","year":"1998","unstructured":"False pregnancy, disorders of pregnancy, parturition and the postpartum period. In: Nelson RW, Couto CG, eds. 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St Louis: Mosby,\n          1998:881\u2013882."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/40\/5\/article-p391.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/40\/5\/391\/1331907\/0400391.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/40\/5\/article-p391.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/40\/5\/article-p391.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:50:44Z","timestamp":1763740244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/40\/5\/article-p391.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0400391","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}