{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:22:05Z","timestamp":1769001725862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Small animal reproductive techniques have become quite advanced in recent years. Techniques described in this paper include transcervical catheterization for the purpose of insemination and intrauterine diagnostics (e.g., cytology, culture, and\/or biopsy), and semen cryopreservation that allows international shipping of valuable semen and preservation of reproductive capacity. The use of uterine and fetal monitoring devices that enable intervention and mediation of dystocia is also described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0420010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:03:59Z","timestamp":1410782639000},"page":"10-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Advanced Small Animal Reproductive Techniques"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Autumn","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Davidson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Eilts), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Eilts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (Davidson), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and the"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Eilts), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"291","volume":"31","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wilson MS. Transcervical insemination techniques in the bitch.\n          Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract\n          2001;31:291\u2013304."},{"key":"R2","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eilts BE, Paccamonti DL, Pinto CRF. Artificial insemination in the dog. In: Root-Kustritz MV, ed. Small Animal Theriogenology. St. Louis: Butterworth Heinemann,\n          2003:61\u201395."},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Reprod Fertil","first-page":"307","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilson M. Nonsurgical intrauterine artificial insemination in bitches using frozen semen.\n          J Reprod Fertil\n          1993;Suppl47:307\u2013311."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"11","volume":"52","year":"1999","unstructured":"Linde-Forsberg C, Holst BS, Govette G. Comparison of fertility data from vaginal vs intrauterine insemination of frozen-thawed dog semen: a retrospective study.\n          Theriogenology\n          1999;52:11\u201323."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"201","volume":"36","year":"1995","unstructured":"Watts JR, Wright PJ. Investigating uterine disease in the bitch: uterine cannulation for cytology, microbiology and hysteroscopy.\n          J Small Anim Pract\n          1995;36:201\u2013206."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"72","volume":"63","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alamo D, Batista M, Gonzalez F, et al. Cryopreservation of semen in the dog: use of ultra-freezers of -152 degrees C as a viable alternative to liquid nitrogen.\n          Theriogenology\n          2005;63:72\u201382."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"743","volume":"59","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cardoso RC, Silva AR, Uchoa DC, et al. Cryopreservation of canine semen using a coconut water extender with egg yolk and three different glycerol concentrations.\n          Theriogenology\n          2003;59:743\u2013751."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1343","volume":"48","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ivanovakicheva MG, Bobadov N, Somlev B. Cryopreservation of canine semen in pellets and in 5-ml aluminum tubes using 3 extenders.\n          Theriogenology\n          1997;48:1343\u20131349."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1359","volume":"66","year":"2004","unstructured":"Okano T, Murase T, Asano M, et al. Effects of final dilution rate, sperm concentration and times for cooling and glycerol equilibration on post-thaw characteristics of canine spermatozoa.\n          J Vet Med Sci\n          2004;66:1359\u20131364."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Reprod Domest Anim","first-page":"355","volume":"33","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rota A, Linde-Forsberg C, Vannozzi J, et al. Cryosurvival of dog spermatozoa at different glycerol concentrations and freezing\/thawing rates.\n          Reprod Domest Anim\n          1998;33:355\u2013361."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1199","volume":"40","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas PGA, Larsen RE, Burns JM, et al. A comparison of 3 packaging techniques using 2 extenders for the cryopreservation of canine semen.\n          Theriogenology\n          1993;40:1199\u20131205."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"New Eng J Med","first-page":"450","volume":"326","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lopez-Zeno JA, Peaceman AM, Adashek JA, et al. A controlled trial of a program for the active management of labor.\n          New Eng J Med\n          1992;326:450\u2013454."},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"508","volume":"85","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davidson AP. Obstetrical monitoring in dogs.\n          Vet Med\n          2003;85:508\u2013517."},{"key":"R14","series-title":"J Reprod Fert Suppl","first-page":"175","volume":"47","year":"1993","unstructured":"Verstegen JP, Silva LD, Onclin K, et al. Echocardiographic study of heart rate in dog and cat fetuses in utero.\n          J Reprod Fert Suppl\n          1993;47:175\u2013189."},{"key":"R15","year":"1997","unstructured":"Snyder KC, Yoches CC. A retrospective summary of 50 canine pregnancies. 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