{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:34:04Z","timestamp":1778279644515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined local anesthesia in dogs undergoing nictitating membrane (NM)-to-superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva flap construction. Medical records of 47 dogs that had received local anesthesia for NM-to-superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva flap were reviewed. Combined local anesthetic technique included auriculopalpebral nerve block, topical anesthesia of the eye, and infiltration anesthesia of the superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva and palpebral surface of the NM. Forty-two (89.3%) dogs complied with the anesthetic procedures and underwent NM flap without general anesthesia or sedation. No complications were related to the combined local anesthesia. Combined local anesthesia for NM-to-superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva flap may be a time- and cost-effective method that produces both analgesia of the surgical site and akinesia of the eyelid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0450164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:08:33Z","timestamp":1410782913000},"page":"164-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Combination Auriculopalpebral Nerve Block and Local Anesthesia for Placement of a Nictitating Membrane-to-Superotemporal Bulbar Conjunctiva Flap in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shin Ae","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inhyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. Lyon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man Bok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang Moon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Surgery and Ophthalmology (Shin Ae Park, Man Bok Jeong, Won Tae Kim, Se Eun Kim, Young Woo Park, Kang Moon Seo) and Veterinary Anesthesiology (Inhyung Lee), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim 9-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea; and the"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine (Y. Lyon Lee), Western University of Health Sciences, 309 East Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hendrix DVH. Canine conjunctiva and nictitating membrane. In: Gelatt KN, ed. Veterinary Ophthalmology. 4th ed. Ames: Blackwell Publishing,\n          2007:662\u2013689."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"77","volume":"66","year":"2005","unstructured":"Herring IP, Bobofchak MA, Landry MP, et al. Duration of effect and effect of multiple doses of topical ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride in clinically normal dogs.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          2005;66: 77\u201380."},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"964","volume":"98","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guise PA. Sub-Tenon anesthesia: a prospective study of 6,000 blocks.\n          Anesthesiology\n          2003;98:964\u2013968."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD005276","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ezra DG, Allan BD. Topical anaesthesia alone versus topical anaesthesia with intracameral lidocaine for phacoemulsification.\n          Cochrane Database Syst Rev\n          2007:CD005276."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"220","volume":"229","year":"2006","unstructured":"Accola PJ, Bentley E, Smith LJ, et al. Development of a retrobulbar injection technique for ocular surgery and analgesia in dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          2006;229:220\u2013225."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol","first-page":"509","volume":"16","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ismail AR, Anthony T, Mordant DJ, et al. Regional nerve block of the upper eyelid in oculoplastic surgery.\n          Eur J Ophthalmol\n          2006;16:509\u2013513."},{"key":"R7","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hall LW, Clarke KW, Trim CM. Veterinary Anesthesia. 10th ed. London: WB Saunders,\n          2001."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"485","volume":"20","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robertson SA. Standing sedation and pain management for ophthalmic patients.\n          Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract\n          2004;20:485\u2013497."},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"7","volume":"11","year":"2000","unstructured":"Naor J, Slomovic AR. Anesthesia modalities for cataract surgery.\n          Curr Opin Ophthalmol\n          2000;11:7\u201311."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care","first-page":"450","volume":"34","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clarke JP, Roberton G, Plummer J. Sub-Tenon block: a learning curve of 100 cases.\n          Anaesth Intensive Care\n          2006;34:450\u2013452."},{"key":"R11","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skarda RT, Tranquilli WJ. Local and regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques: ruminants and swine. In: Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA, eds. Lumb & Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 4th ed. Ames: Blackwell Publishing,\n          2007:643\u2013681."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD004083","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alhassan MB, Kyari F, Ejere HO. Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery.\n          Cochrane Database Syst Rev\n          2008:CD004083."},{"key":"R13","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mama KR. Local anesthetics. In: Gaynor JS, Muir III WW, eds. Handbook of Veterinary Pain Management. St. Louis: Mosby,\n          2002:221\u2013239."},{"key":"R14","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skarda RT, Tranquilli WJ. Local anesthetics. In: Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA, eds. Lumb & Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 4th ed. Ames: Blackwell Publishing,\n          2007:395\u2013418."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/45\/4\/article-p164.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/164\/1333921\/0450164.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/45\/4\/article-p164.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/45\/4\/article-p164.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:54:27Z","timestamp":1763740467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/45\/4\/article-p164.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0450164","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}