{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:02:37Z","timestamp":1772326957715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acquired laryngeal paralysis (LP) is an important cause of upper airway obstruction in dogs. We hypothesize that LP may be part of a generalized polyneuropathy complex. Electro-diagnostic studies were performed in six dogs, and histopathological studies of muscle and nerve biopsies were obtained from 11 dogs diagnosed with acquired LP. Abnormalities in electrodiagnostic procedures were consistent with a generalized polyneuropathy. Loss of large-caliber nerve fibers and axonal degeneration were identified in nerve biopsies, and neurogenic atrophy was observed in muscle specimens. Abnormalities in electrodiagnostic studies and histopathology provide evidence that LP may be part of a generalized polyneuropathy. Establishing a diagnosis of a more involved disease process is relevant for long-term prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/0460161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,15]],"date-time":"2014-09-15T12:11:23Z","timestamp":1410783083000},"page":"161-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Histopathological Confirmation of Polyneuropathy in 11 Dogs With Laryngeal Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kelley M.","family":"Thieman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Thieman, Krahwinkel, Sims), College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; and the"},{"name":"Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.J.","family":"Krahwinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Thieman, Krahwinkel, Sims), College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; and the"},{"name":"Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Thieman, Krahwinkel, Sims), College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; and the"},{"name":"Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Diane","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Thieman, Krahwinkel, Sims), College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996; and the"},{"name":"Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"769","volume":"78","year":"2000","unstructured":"Broome C, Burbidge HM, Pheiffer DU. Prevalence of laryngeal paresis in dogs undergoing general anesthesia.\n          Aust Vet J\n          2000;78:769\u2013772."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"551","volume":"18","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harvey CE, O\u2019Brien JA. Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs by partial laryngectomy.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1982;18:551\u2013556"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"543","volume":"30","year":"1989","unstructured":"White RAS. Unilateral arytenoid lateralization: an assessment of technique and long-term results in 62 dogs with laryngeal paralysis.\n          J Small Anim Pract\n          1989;30:543\u2013549."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"401","volume":"30","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trout NJ, Harpster NK, Berg J, et al. Long-term results of unilateral ventriculocordectomy and partial arytenoidectomy for the treatment of laryngeal paralysis in 60 dogs.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1994;30:401\u2013407."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"377","volume":"186","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gaber CE, Amis TC, LeCouteur RA. Laryngeal paralysis in dogs: a review of 23 cases.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1985;186:377\u2013380."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"389","volume":"30","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holt D, Harvey CE. Idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: results of treatment by bilateral vocal fold resection in 40 dogs.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1994;30:389\u2013395."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"169","volume":"20","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ross JT, Matthiesen DT, Noone KE, et al. Complications and long-term results after partial laryngectomy for the treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in 45 dogs.\n          Vet Surg\n          1991;20:169\u2013173."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"317","volume":"25","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lahue TR. Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs by unilateral cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1989;25: 317\u2013324."},{"key":"R9","year":"1993","unstructured":"Monnet E. Laryngeal paralysis and devocalization. In: Slatter D, ed. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company,\n          1993:837\u2013845."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Compend Cont Educ","first-page":"857","volume":"27","year":"2005","unstructured":"Griffin JF, Krahwinkel DJ. Laryngeal paralysis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and surgical repair.\n          Compend Cont Educ\n          2005;27:857\u2013869."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"17","volume":"158","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeffrey ND, Talbot CE, Smith PM, et al. Acquired idiopathic laryngeal paralysis as a predominant feature of generalized neuromuscular disease in 39 dogs.\n          Vet Rec\n          2006;158:17\u201321."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1735","volume":"194","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braund KG, Steinberg HS, Shores A, et al. Laryngeal paralysis in immature and mature dogs as one sign of a more diffuse polyneuropathy.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1989;194:1735\u20131740."},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1949","volume":"218","year":"2001","unstructured":"MacPhail CM, Monnet E. Outcome of and postoperative complications in dogs undergoing surgical treatment of laryngeal paralysis: 140 cases (1985\u20131998).\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          2001;218:1949\u20131956."},{"key":"R14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"144","volume":"47","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gabriel A, Poncelet L, VanHam L, et al. Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young related Pyrenean mountain dogs.\n          J Small Anim Pract\n          2006;47:144\u2013149."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Muscle & Nerve","first-page":"471","volume":"27","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shelton GD, Podell M, Poncelet L, et al. Inherited polyneuropathy in Leonberger dogs: a mixed or intermediate form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?\n          Muscle & Nerve\n          2003;27:471\u2013477."},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"534","volume":"55","year":"1994","unstructured":"Braund KG, Shores A, Cochrane S, et al. Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young dalmatians.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1994;55:534\u2013542."},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"330","volume":"12","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mahoney OM, Knowles KE, Braund KG, et al. Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young rottweilers.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          1998;12:330\u2013337."},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"714","volume":"14","year":"1978","unstructured":"Venker-van Haagen AJ, Hartman W, Goedege SA. Spontaneous laryngeal paralysis in young Bouviers.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1978;14:714\u2013720."},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1406","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gaynor AR, Shofer FS, Washabau RJ. Risk factors for acquired megaesophagus in dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1997;211:1406\u20131412."},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1428","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shelton GD, Schule A, Kass PH. Risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs: 1,154 cases (1991\u20131995).\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1997;211:1428\u20131431."},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Vet Anesth Analg","first-page":"258","volume":"31","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tobias K, Jackson AM, Harvey RC. Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis.\n          Vet Anesth Analg\n          2004;31:258\u2013263."},{"key":"R22","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lahue TR. Treatment of laryngeal paralysis with unilateral cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty. In: Bojrab MJ, ed. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,\n          1998:370\u2013374."},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"63","volume":"32","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickinson PJ, LeCouteur RA. Muscle and nerve biopsy.\n          Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract\n          2002;32:63\u2013102."},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"431","volume":"113","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mizisin AP, Nelson RW, Sturges BK, et al. Comparable myelinated nerve pathology in feline and human diabetes mellitus.\n          Acta Neuropathol\n          2007;113:431\u2013442."},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1361","volume":"31","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lee AF, Bowen JM. Evaluation of motor nerve conduction velocity in the dog.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1970;31:1361\u20131366."},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1433","volume":"40","year":"1979","unstructured":"Walker TL, Redding RW, Braund KG. Motor nerve conduction velocity and latency in the dog.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1979;40:1433\u20131439."},{"key":"R27","year":"1979","unstructured":"McClure RC. The cranial nerves. In: Evans HE, Christensen GC, eds. Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company,\n          1979:932."},{"key":"R1","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"769","volume":"78","year":"2000","unstructured":"Broome C, Burbidge HM, Pheiffer DU. Prevalence of laryngeal paresis in dogs undergoing general anesthesia.\n          Aust Vet J\n          2000;78:769\u2013772."},{"key":"R2","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"551","volume":"18","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harvey CE, O\u2019Brien JA. Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs by partial laryngectomy.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1982;18:551\u2013556"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"543","volume":"30","year":"1989","unstructured":"White RAS. Unilateral arytenoid lateralization: an assessment of technique and long-term results in 62 dogs with laryngeal paralysis.\n          J Small Anim Pract\n          1989;30:543\u2013549."},{"key":"R4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"401","volume":"30","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trout NJ, Harpster NK, Berg J, et al. Long-term results of unilateral ventriculocordectomy and partial arytenoidectomy for the treatment of laryngeal paralysis in 60 dogs.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1994;30:401\u2013407."},{"key":"R5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"377","volume":"186","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gaber CE, Amis TC, LeCouteur RA. Laryngeal paralysis in dogs: a review of 23 cases.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1985;186:377\u2013380."},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"389","volume":"30","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holt D, Harvey CE. Idiopathic laryngeal paralysis: results of treatment by bilateral vocal fold resection in 40 dogs.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1994;30:389\u2013395."},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"169","volume":"20","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ross JT, Matthiesen DT, Noone KE, et al. Complications and long-term results after partial laryngectomy for the treatment of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in 45 dogs.\n          Vet Surg\n          1991;20:169\u2013173."},{"key":"R8","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"317","volume":"25","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lahue TR. Treatment of laryngeal paralysis in dogs by unilateral cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1989;25: 317\u2013324."},{"key":"R9","year":"1993","unstructured":"Monnet E. Laryngeal paralysis and devocalization. In: Slatter D, ed. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company,\n          1993:837\u2013845."},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Compend Cont Educ","first-page":"857","volume":"27","year":"2005","unstructured":"Griffin JF, Krahwinkel DJ. Laryngeal paralysis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and surgical repair.\n          Compend Cont Educ\n          2005;27:857\u2013869."},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"17","volume":"158","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeffrey ND, Talbot CE, Smith PM, et al. Acquired idiopathic laryngeal paralysis as a predominant feature of generalized neuromuscular disease in 39 dogs.\n          Vet Rec\n          2006;158:17\u201321."},{"key":"R12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1735","volume":"194","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braund KG, Steinberg HS, Shores A, et al. Laryngeal paralysis in immature and mature dogs as one sign of a more diffuse polyneuropathy.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1989;194:1735\u20131740."},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1949","volume":"218","year":"2001","unstructured":"MacPhail CM, Monnet E. Outcome of and postoperative complications in dogs undergoing surgical treatment of laryngeal paralysis: 140 cases (1985\u20131998).\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          2001;218:1949\u20131956."},{"key":"R14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"144","volume":"47","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gabriel A, Poncelet L, VanHam L, et al. Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young related Pyrenean mountain dogs.\n          J Small Anim Pract\n          2006;47:144\u2013149."},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Muscle & Nerve","first-page":"471","volume":"27","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shelton GD, Podell M, Poncelet L, et al. Inherited polyneuropathy in Leonberger dogs: a mixed or intermediate form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?\n          Muscle & Nerve\n          2003;27:471\u2013477."},{"key":"R16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"534","volume":"55","year":"1994","unstructured":"Braund KG, Shores A, Cochrane S, et al. Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young dalmatians.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1994;55:534\u2013542."},{"key":"R17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"330","volume":"12","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mahoney OM, Knowles KE, Braund KG, et al. Laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex in young rottweilers.\n          J Vet Intern Med\n          1998;12:330\u2013337."},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"714","volume":"14","year":"1978","unstructured":"Venker-van Haagen AJ, Hartman W, Goedege SA. Spontaneous laryngeal paralysis in young Bouviers.\n          J Am Anim Hosp Assoc\n          1978;14:714\u2013720."},{"key":"R19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1406","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gaynor AR, Shofer FS, Washabau RJ. Risk factors for acquired megaesophagus in dogs.\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1997;211:1406\u20131412."},{"key":"R20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1428","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shelton GD, Schule A, Kass PH. Risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis in dogs: 1,154 cases (1991\u20131995).\n          J Am Vet Med Assoc\n          1997;211:1428\u20131431."},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Vet Anesth Analg","first-page":"258","volume":"31","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tobias K, Jackson AM, Harvey RC. Effects of doxapram HCl on laryngeal function of normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring laryngeal paralysis.\n          Vet Anesth Analg\n          2004;31:258\u2013263."},{"key":"R22","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lahue TR. Treatment of laryngeal paralysis with unilateral cricoarytenoid laryngoplasty. In: Bojrab MJ, ed. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,\n          1998:370\u2013374."},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"63","volume":"32","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickinson PJ, LeCouteur RA. Muscle and nerve biopsy.\n          Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract\n          2002;32:63\u2013102."},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"431","volume":"113","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mizisin AP, Nelson RW, Sturges BK, et al. Comparable myelinated nerve pathology in feline and human diabetes mellitus.\n          Acta Neuropathol\n          2007;113:431\u2013442."},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1361","volume":"31","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lee AF, Bowen JM. Evaluation of motor nerve conduction velocity in the dog.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1970;31:1361\u20131366."},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1433","volume":"40","year":"1979","unstructured":"Walker TL, Redding RW, Braund KG. Motor nerve conduction velocity and latency in the dog.\n          Am J Vet Res\n          1979;40:1433\u20131439."},{"key":"R27","year":"1979","unstructured":"McClure RC. The cranial nerves. In: Evans HE, Christensen GC, eds. Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company,\n          1979:932."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/46\/3\/article-p161.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/46\/3\/161\/1334588\/0460161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/46\/3\/article-p161.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/46\/3\/article-p161.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:30:49Z","timestamp":1772325049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/46\/3\/article-p161.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/0460161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}}}