{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:25:49Z","timestamp":1793255149630,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"\n A 12 yr old castrated male Yorkshire terrier was presented with a history of an inoperable pheochromocytoma. Physical examination revealed a large, midabdominal mass. Neurologic examination was normal at presentation. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 215 cm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n mass in the region of the right kidney. Forty-eight hours after IV injection of 370 megabecquerels (MBq, equivalent to10 millicuries [mCi]) of metaiodobenzylguanidine labeled with radioactive iodine ([\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I]MIBG), standard planar scintigraphy was performed. A diffuse area of moderate uptake was noted in the midabdominal region. The dog experienced stable disease for 1.5 mo after injection based on a follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan; however, 5 mo after injection, repeat CT imaging revealed progression of the tumor, and a second IV injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) of [\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I]MIBG was administered. The dog died 3 wk after the second injection as a result of gastrointestinal blood loss that was believed to be caused by compression-induced bowel ischemia by the mass. A full necropsy was not performed, but the mass was removed for histologic evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. This report is the first to document the treatment of canine pheochromocytoma using [\n 131<\/jats:sup>\n I]MIBG.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,4]],"date-time":"2011-11-04T12:29:53Z","timestamp":1320409793000},"page":"e188-e194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Treatment of a Malignant Pheochromocytoma in a Dog Using 131I Metaiodobenzylguanidine"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Bommarito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy C.","family":"Lattimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Selting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn J.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"272","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 61 cases","volume":"11","author":"Barthez","year":"1984\u20131995","unstructured":"Barthez\n PY\n , MarksSL, WooJ. Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 61 cases (1984\u20131995). J Vet Intern Med1997;11(5):272\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Acta Med Scand","first-page":"345","article-title":"Long-term results in 64 patients operated upon for pheochromocytoma","volume":"223","author":"Stenstr\u00f6m","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stenstr\u00f6m\n G\n , ErnestI, TisellLE. Long-term results in 64 patients operated upon for pheochromocytoma. Acta Med Scand1988;223(4):345\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"195","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs","volume":"23","author":"Gilson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gilson\n SD\n , WithrowSJ, OrtonEC. Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs. Vet Surg1994;23(3):195\u2013200."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Tumors in domestic animals","first-page":"632","article-title":"Tumors of the endocrine glands","author":"Capen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Capen\n CC\n \n . Tumors of the endocrine glands. In: MeutenDJ, ed. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 2002:632\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyles\n AE\n , FeldmanEC, De CockHEV. Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001). J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223(5):654\u201362."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","series-title":"Eur J Nucl Med","first-page":"545","article-title":"Radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine: a review of its biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, cytotoxicity and dosimetry","volume":"21","author":"Wafelman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wafelman\n AR\n , HoefnagelCA, MaesRA. Radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine: a review of its biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, cytotoxicity and dosimetry. Eur J Nucl Med1994;21(6):545\u201359."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"117","article-title":"Neural crest tumors: I-123 MIBG imaging in children","volume":"190","author":"Paltiel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paltiel\n HJ\n , GelfandMJ, ElgazzarAH. Neural crest tumors: I-123 MIBG imaging in children. Radiology1994;190(1):117\u201321."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Nucl Med","first-page":"349","article-title":"Radiolabeled adrenergi neuron-blocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with [131I]iodobenzylguanidine","volume":"21","author":"Wieland","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wieland\n DM\n , WuJ, BrownLE. Radiolabeled adrenergi neuron-blocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with [131I]iodobenzylguanidine. J Nucl Med1980;21(4):349\u201353."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"Eur J Nucl Med","first-page":"561","article-title":"Metaiodobenzylguanidine and somatostatin in oncology: role in the management of neural crest tumours","volume":"21","author":"Hoefnagel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hoefnagel\n CA\n \n . Metaiodobenzylguanidine and somatostatin in oncology: role in the management of neural crest tumours. Eur J Nucl Med1994;21(6):561\u201381."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"54","article-title":"Radiopharmaceutical treatment of pheochromocytomas","volume":"970","author":"Sisson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sisson\n JC\n \n . Radiopharmaceutical treatment of pheochromocytomas. Ann N Y Acad Sci2002;970:54\u201360."},{"issue":"3B","key":"bib11","series-title":"Anticancer Res","first-page":"1823","article-title":"131I-MIBG therapy of neural crest tumours (review)","volume":"17","author":"Troncone","year":"1997","unstructured":"Troncone\n L\n , RufiniV. 131I-MIBG therapy of neural crest tumours (review). Anticancer Res1997;17(3B):1823\u201331."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of 123iodine metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma in a dog","volume":"34","author":"Berry","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berry\n CR\n , WrightKN, BreitschwerdtEB. Use of 123iodine metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1993;34:52\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"183","article-title":"Imaging of pheochromocytoma in 2 dogs using p-[18F] fluorobenzylguanidine","volume":"43","author":"Berry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berry\n CR\n , DeGradoTR, NutterF. Imaging of pheochromocytoma in 2 dogs using p-[18F] fluorobenzylguanidine. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2002;43(2):183\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"359","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma in dogs and cats","volume":"27","author":"Maher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maher\n ER\n Jr\n , McNielEA. Pheochromocytoma in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1997;27(2):359\u201380."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib15","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"956","article-title":"Iodine -131 metaiodobenzylguanidine is an effective treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"134","author":"Safford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Safford\n SD\n , ColemanRE, GockermanJP, MooreJ, FeldmanJM, LeightGS. Iodine -131 metaiodobenzylguanidine is an effective treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Surgery2003;134(6):956\u201362."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Nucl Med Biol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uptake mechanisms of meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart","volume":"22","author":"Degrado","year":"1995","unstructured":"Degrado\n TR\n , ZalutskyMR, VaidyanathanG. Uptake mechanisms of meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart. Nucl Med Biol1995;22(1):1\u201312."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib17","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Iodine 131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and biochemical analyses in suspected pheochromocytoma","volume":"151","author":"Hanson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hanson\n MW\n , FeldmanJM, BeamCA. Iodine 131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and biochemical analyses in suspected pheochromocytoma. Arch Intern Med1991;151(7):1397\u2013402."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Nucl Med Commun","first-page":"585","article-title":"Comparison of the in vitro pharmacodynamics of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) to the in vivo scintigraphy [abstract]","volume":"6","author":"Tobes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tobes\n MC\n , JacquesS, LloydRV. Comparison of the in vitro pharmacodynamics of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) to the in vivo scintigraphy [abstract]. Nucl Med Commun1985;6:585."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Nucl Med","first-page":"576","article-title":"Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine for the locating of suspected pheochromocytoma: experience in 400 cases","volume":"26","author":"Shapiro","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shapiro\n B\n , CoppJE, SissonJC. Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine for the locating of suspected pheochromocytoma: experience in 400 cases. J Nucl Med1985;26(6):576\u201385."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Molecular pathophysiology of tumors","first-page":"126","author":"Jain","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jain\n RK\n , KozakKR. Molecular pathophysiology of tumors. 5th ed.Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:126\u201341."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness","first-page":"106","author":"Hall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall\n E\n , GiacciaA. Linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. 6th ed.Philadelphia (PA):Lippincott Willams & Wilkins; 2006:106\u201316."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","first-page":"364","article-title":"Treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas with 131-I metaiodobenzylguanidine and chemotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Sisson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sisson\n JC\n , ShapiroB, ShulkinBL. Treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas with 131-I metaiodobenzylguanidine and chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol1999;22(4):364\u201370."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"2452","article-title":"Hematologic toxicity of high-dose iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for advanced neuroblastoma","volume":"22","author":"DuBois","year":"2004","unstructured":"DuBois\n SG\n , MessinaJ, MarisJM. Hematologic toxicity of high-dose iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for advanced neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol2004;22(12):2452\u201360."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"542","article-title":"Sodium iodide I 131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990\u20132003)","volume":"229","author":"Turrel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turrel\n JM\n , McEnteeMC, BurkeBP. Sodium iodide I 131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990\u20132003). J Am Vet Med Assoc2006;229(4):542\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"272","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 61 cases","volume":"11","author":"Barthez","year":"1984\u20131995","unstructured":"Barthez\n PY\n , MarksSL, WooJ. Pheochromocytoma in dogs: 61 cases (1984\u20131995). J Vet Intern Med1997;11(5):272\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Acta Med Scand","first-page":"345","article-title":"Long-term results in 64 patients operated upon for pheochromocytoma","volume":"223","author":"Stenstr\u00f6m","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stenstr\u00f6m\n G\n , ErnestI, TisellLE. Long-term results in 64 patients operated upon for pheochromocytoma. Acta Med Scand1988;223(4):345\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"195","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs","volume":"23","author":"Gilson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gilson\n SD\n , WithrowSJ, OrtonEC. Surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: technique, complications, and results in six dogs. Vet Surg1994;23(3):195\u2013200."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Tumors in domestic animals","first-page":"632","article-title":"Tumors of the endocrine glands","author":"Capen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Capen\n CC\n \n . Tumors of the endocrine glands. In: MeutenDJ, ed. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 2002:632\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"654","article-title":"Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001)","volume":"223","author":"Kyles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyles\n AE\n , FeldmanEC, De CockHEV. Surgical management of adrenal gland tumors with and without associated tumor thrombi in dogs: 40 cases (1994\u20132001). J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223(5):654\u201362."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","series-title":"Eur J Nucl Med","first-page":"545","article-title":"Radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine: a review of its biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, cytotoxicity and dosimetry","volume":"21","author":"Wafelman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wafelman\n AR\n , HoefnagelCA, MaesRA. Radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine: a review of its biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, cytotoxicity and dosimetry. Eur J Nucl Med1994;21(6):545\u201359."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"117","article-title":"Neural crest tumors: I-123 MIBG imaging in children","volume":"190","author":"Paltiel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Paltiel\n HJ\n , GelfandMJ, ElgazzarAH. Neural crest tumors: I-123 MIBG imaging in children. Radiology1994;190(1):117\u201321."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Nucl Med","first-page":"349","article-title":"Radiolabeled adrenergi neuron-blocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with [131I]iodobenzylguanidine","volume":"21","author":"Wieland","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wieland\n DM\n , WuJ, BrownLE. Radiolabeled adrenergi neuron-blocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with [131I]iodobenzylguanidine. J Nucl Med1980;21(4):349\u201353."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"Eur J Nucl Med","first-page":"561","article-title":"Metaiodobenzylguanidine and somatostatin in oncology: role in the management of neural crest tumours","volume":"21","author":"Hoefnagel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hoefnagel\n CA\n \n . Metaiodobenzylguanidine and somatostatin in oncology: role in the management of neural crest tumours. Eur J Nucl Med1994;21(6):561\u201381."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"54","article-title":"Radiopharmaceutical treatment of pheochromocytomas","volume":"970","author":"Sisson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sisson\n JC\n \n . Radiopharmaceutical treatment of pheochromocytomas. Ann N Y Acad Sci2002;970:54\u201360."},{"issue":"3B","key":"bib11","series-title":"Anticancer Res","first-page":"1823","article-title":"131I-MIBG therapy of neural crest tumours (review)","volume":"17","author":"Troncone","year":"1997","unstructured":"Troncone\n L\n , RufiniV. 131I-MIBG therapy of neural crest tumours (review). Anticancer Res1997;17(3B):1823\u201331."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of 123iodine metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma in a dog","volume":"34","author":"Berry","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berry\n CR\n , WrightKN, BreitschwerdtEB. Use of 123iodine metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy for the diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1993;34:52\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"183","article-title":"Imaging of pheochromocytoma in 2 dogs using p-[18F] fluorobenzylguanidine","volume":"43","author":"Berry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berry\n CR\n , DeGradoTR, NutterF. Imaging of pheochromocytoma in 2 dogs using p-[18F] fluorobenzylguanidine. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2002;43(2):183\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"359","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma in dogs and cats","volume":"27","author":"Maher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maher\n ER\n Jr\n , McNielEA. Pheochromocytoma in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1997;27(2):359\u201380."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib15","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"956","article-title":"Iodine -131 metaiodobenzylguanidine is an effective treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma","volume":"134","author":"Safford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Safford\n SD\n , ColemanRE, GockermanJP, MooreJ, FeldmanJM, LeightGS. Iodine -131 metaiodobenzylguanidine is an effective treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Surgery2003;134(6):956\u201362."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Nucl Med Biol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uptake mechanisms of meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart","volume":"22","author":"Degrado","year":"1995","unstructured":"Degrado\n TR\n , ZalutskyMR, VaidyanathanG. Uptake mechanisms of meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart. Nucl Med Biol1995;22(1):1\u201312."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib17","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Iodine 131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and biochemical analyses in suspected pheochromocytoma","volume":"151","author":"Hanson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hanson\n MW\n , FeldmanJM, BeamCA. Iodine 131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and biochemical analyses in suspected pheochromocytoma. Arch Intern Med1991;151(7):1397\u2013402."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Nucl Med Commun","first-page":"585","article-title":"Comparison of the in vitro pharmacodynamics of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) to the in vivo scintigraphy [abstract]","volume":"6","author":"Tobes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tobes\n MC\n , JacquesS, LloydRV. Comparison of the in vitro pharmacodynamics of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) to the in vivo scintigraphy [abstract]. Nucl Med Commun1985;6:585."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Nucl Med","first-page":"576","article-title":"Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine for the locating of suspected pheochromocytoma: experience in 400 cases","volume":"26","author":"Shapiro","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shapiro\n B\n , CoppJE, SissonJC. Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine for the locating of suspected pheochromocytoma: experience in 400 cases. J Nucl Med1985;26(6):576\u201385."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Molecular pathophysiology of tumors","first-page":"126","author":"Jain","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jain\n RK\n , KozakKR. Molecular pathophysiology of tumors. 5th ed.Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:126\u201341."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness","first-page":"106","author":"Hall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall\n E\n , GiacciaA. Linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. 6th ed.Philadelphia (PA):Lippincott Willams & Wilkins; 2006:106\u201316."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","first-page":"364","article-title":"Treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas with 131-I metaiodobenzylguanidine and chemotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Sisson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sisson\n JC\n , ShapiroB, ShulkinBL. Treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas with 131-I metaiodobenzylguanidine and chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol1999;22(4):364\u201370."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"2452","article-title":"Hematologic toxicity of high-dose iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for advanced neuroblastoma","volume":"22","author":"DuBois","year":"2004","unstructured":"DuBois\n SG\n , MessinaJ, MarisJM. Hematologic toxicity of high-dose iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for advanced neuroblastoma. J Clin Oncol2004;22(12):2452\u201360."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"542","article-title":"Sodium iodide I 131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990\u20132003)","volume":"229","author":"Turrel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turrel\n JM\n , McEnteeMC, BurkeBP. Sodium iodide I 131 treatment of dogs with nonresectable thyroid tumors: 39 cases (1990\u20132003). 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