{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:25:03Z","timestamp":1773030303980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Four dogs were diagnosed with urethral catheter malfunction. The catheter was kinked in three dogs and knotted in one dog. In two dogs, kinking of the catheter was associated with presence of urethroliths in the perineal urethra. Diagnosis was based on the difficulty encountered retrieving the catheter in all dogs and swelling in the scrotal or perineal area in two dogs. Diagnosis of catheter kinking or knotting was confirmed after catheter retrieval. Catheter removal was achieved in two dogs after traction under anesthesia, whereas scrotal or perineal urethrotomy were used in the other two dogs. No complications associated with urination were reported in any of the dogs after 7 to 12 mo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,19]],"date-time":"2011-08-19T00:31:55Z","timestamp":1313713915000},"page":"351-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Spontaneous Urethral Catheter Kinking or Knotting in Male Dogs: Four Cases"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Eleni","family":"Basdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lysimachos G.","family":"Papazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios M.","family":"Kazakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Current veterinary therapy VIII small animal practice","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Use and misuse of intermittent and indwelling urinary catheters","author":"Lees","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lees\n              GE\n            , OsborneCA. Use and misuse of intermittent and indwelling urinary catheters. In: KirkRW, ed. Current veterinary therapy VIII small animal practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1983:1097\u2013100."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Urological disorders of the dog and cat","first-page":"36","author":"Holt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE\n            \n          . Urological disorders of the dog and cat. London: Manson Publishing Ltd; 2008:36\u201355."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Small animal critical care medicine","first-page":"603","article-title":"Urinary catheterization","author":"Smarick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smarick\n              S\n            \n          . Urinary catheterization. In: SilversteinD, HopperK, eds. Small animal critical care medicine. St Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:603\u20136."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Urologic surgery of the dog and cat","first-page":"83","author":"Stone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stone\n              EA\n            , BarsantiJA. Urologic surgery of the dog and cat. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1992:83\u201390."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"789","article-title":"Kinked catheters: radiographic appearance of functionally significant bends","volume":"146","author":"Nancarrow","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nancarrow\n              PA\n            , EdwardsDK. Kinked catheters: radiographic appearance of functionally significant bends. AJR Am J Roentgenol1986;146(4):789\u201392."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib6","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"713","article-title":"Intraurethral knot in a very-low-birth-weight infant: radiological recognition, surgical management and prevention","volume":"35","author":"Lodha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lodha\n              A\n            , LyL, BrindleM. Intraurethral knot in a very-low-birth-weight infant: radiological recognition, surgical management and prevention. Pediatr Radiol2005;35(7):713\u20136."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"Urol Int","first-page":"317","article-title":"Spontaneous knotting of urinary catheters: clinical and experimental observations","volume":"77","author":"Raveenthiran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raveenthiran\n              V\n            \n          . Spontaneous knotting of urinary catheters: clinical and experimental observations. Urol Int2006;77(4):317\u201321."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Canine and feline nephrology and urology","first-page":"100","article-title":"Techniques of urine collection and preservation","author":"Osborne","year":"1995","unstructured":"Osborne\n              CA\n            \n          . Techniques of urine collection and preservation. In: OsborneCA, FincoDR, eds. Canine and feline nephrology and urology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995:100\u201321."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Radiol Soc","first-page":"54","article-title":"Kinked catheter: a complication in pneumocystography","volume":"8","author":"Buchanan","year":"1967","unstructured":"Buchanan\n              JW\n            \n          . Kinked catheter: a complication in pneumocystography. J Am Vet Radiol Soc1967;8:54\u20136."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"213","article-title":"The canine urethra. A comparison of first and second intention healing","volume":"14","author":"Waldron","year":"1985","unstructured":"Waldron\n              DR\n            , HedlundCS, TangnerCH. The canine urethra. A comparison of first and second intention healing. Vet Surg1985;14:213\u20137."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Can J Emerg Med","first-page":"108","article-title":"Urethral catheter knotting: be aware and minimize the risk","volume":"4","author":"Arena","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arena\n              B\n            , McGillivrayDE, DoughertyG. Urethral catheter knotting: be aware and minimize the risk. Can J Emerg Med2002;4(2):108\u201310."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","first-page":"115","article-title":"Intravesical catheter knotting: an uncommon complication of urinary catheterization","volume":"20","author":"Turner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turner\n              TWS\n            \n          . Intravesical catheter knotting: an uncommon complication of urinary catheterization. Pediatr Emerg Care2004;20(2):115\u20137."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Intravesical knotting of a feeding tube used as a urinary catheter","volume":"90","author":"Sujijantararat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sujijantararat\n              P\n            \n          . Intravesical knotting of a feeding tube used as a urinary catheter. J Med Assoc Thai2007;90(6):1231\u20133."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Paediatr Child Health","first-page":"493","article-title":"Adventitious knot formation complicating catheterization of the infant bladder","volume":"40","author":"Levison","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levison\n              J\n            , WojtulewiczJ. Adventitious knot formation complicating catheterization of the infant bladder. J Paediatr Child Health2004;40(8):493\u20134."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"380","article-title":"Untangling of knotted urethral catheters","volume":"37","author":"Sambrook","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sambrook\n              AJ\n            , ToddA. Untangling of knotted urethral catheters. Pediatr Radiol2007;37(4):380\u20133."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1496","article-title":"Adventitious knots in urethral catheters: report of 5 cases","volume":"148","author":"Foster","year":"1992","unstructured":"Foster\n              H\n            , RitcheyM, BloomD. Adventitious knots in urethral catheters: report of 5 cases. J Urol1992;148(5):1496\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"314","article-title":"Intravesical tube knot in a neonate: a case report","volume":"51","author":"Anatol","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anatol\n              T\n            , NunezJ. Intravesical tube knot in a neonate: a case report. J Trop Pediatr2005;51(5):314\u20135."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Current veterinary therapy VIII small animal practice","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Use and misuse of intermittent and indwelling urinary catheters","author":"Lees","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lees\n              GE\n            , OsborneCA. Use and misuse of intermittent and indwelling urinary catheters. In: KirkRW, ed. Current veterinary therapy VIII small animal practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1983:1097\u2013100."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Urological disorders of the dog and cat","first-page":"36","author":"Holt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE\n            \n          . Urological disorders of the dog and cat. London: Manson Publishing Ltd; 2008:36\u201355."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Small animal critical care medicine","first-page":"603","article-title":"Urinary catheterization","author":"Smarick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smarick\n              S\n            \n          . Urinary catheterization. In: SilversteinD, HopperK, eds. Small animal critical care medicine. St Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:603\u20136."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Urologic surgery of the dog and cat","first-page":"83","author":"Stone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stone\n              EA\n            , BarsantiJA. Urologic surgery of the dog and cat. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1992:83\u201390."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"789","article-title":"Kinked catheters: radiographic appearance of functionally significant bends","volume":"146","author":"Nancarrow","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nancarrow\n              PA\n            , EdwardsDK. Kinked catheters: radiographic appearance of functionally significant bends. AJR Am J Roentgenol1986;146(4):789\u201392."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib6","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"713","article-title":"Intraurethral knot in a very-low-birth-weight infant: radiological recognition, surgical management and prevention","volume":"35","author":"Lodha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lodha\n              A\n            , LyL, BrindleM. Intraurethral knot in a very-low-birth-weight infant: radiological recognition, surgical management and prevention. Pediatr Radiol2005;35(7):713\u20136."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"Urol Int","first-page":"317","article-title":"Spontaneous knotting of urinary catheters: clinical and experimental observations","volume":"77","author":"Raveenthiran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raveenthiran\n              V\n            \n          . Spontaneous knotting of urinary catheters: clinical and experimental observations. Urol Int2006;77(4):317\u201321."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Canine and feline nephrology and urology","first-page":"100","article-title":"Techniques of urine collection and preservation","author":"Osborne","year":"1995","unstructured":"Osborne\n              CA\n            \n          . Techniques of urine collection and preservation. In: OsborneCA, FincoDR, eds. Canine and feline nephrology and urology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995:100\u201321."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Radiol Soc","first-page":"54","article-title":"Kinked catheter: a complication in pneumocystography","volume":"8","author":"Buchanan","year":"1967","unstructured":"Buchanan\n              JW\n            \n          . Kinked catheter: a complication in pneumocystography. J Am Vet Radiol Soc1967;8:54\u20136."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"213","article-title":"The canine urethra. A comparison of first and second intention healing","volume":"14","author":"Waldron","year":"1985","unstructured":"Waldron\n              DR\n            , HedlundCS, TangnerCH. The canine urethra. A comparison of first and second intention healing. Vet Surg1985;14:213\u20137."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Can J Emerg Med","first-page":"108","article-title":"Urethral catheter knotting: be aware and minimize the risk","volume":"4","author":"Arena","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arena\n              B\n            , McGillivrayDE, DoughertyG. Urethral catheter knotting: be aware and minimize the risk. Can J Emerg Med2002;4(2):108\u201310."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","first-page":"115","article-title":"Intravesical catheter knotting: an uncommon complication of urinary catheterization","volume":"20","author":"Turner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turner\n              TWS\n            \n          . Intravesical catheter knotting: an uncommon complication of urinary catheterization. Pediatr Emerg Care2004;20(2):115\u20137."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Intravesical knotting of a feeding tube used as a urinary catheter","volume":"90","author":"Sujijantararat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sujijantararat\n              P\n            \n          . Intravesical knotting of a feeding tube used as a urinary catheter. J Med Assoc Thai2007;90(6):1231\u20133."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Paediatr Child Health","first-page":"493","article-title":"Adventitious knot formation complicating catheterization of the infant bladder","volume":"40","author":"Levison","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levison\n              J\n            , WojtulewiczJ. Adventitious knot formation complicating catheterization of the infant bladder. J Paediatr Child Health2004;40(8):493\u20134."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"380","article-title":"Untangling of knotted urethral catheters","volume":"37","author":"Sambrook","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sambrook\n              AJ\n            , ToddA. Untangling of knotted urethral catheters. Pediatr Radiol2007;37(4):380\u20133."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1496","article-title":"Adventitious knots in urethral catheters: report of 5 cases","volume":"148","author":"Foster","year":"1992","unstructured":"Foster\n              H\n            , RitcheyM, BloomD. Adventitious knots in urethral catheters: report of 5 cases. J Urol1992;148(5):1496\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"314","article-title":"Intravesical tube knot in a neonate: a case report","volume":"51","author":"Anatol","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anatol\n              T\n            , NunezJ. Intravesical tube knot in a neonate: a case report. J Trop Pediatr2005;51(5):314\u20135."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/47\/5\/article-p351.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/47\/5\/351\/1742911\/jaaha-ms-5672.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/47\/5\/article-p351.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/47\/5\/article-p351.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:30:54Z","timestamp":1772325054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/47\/5\/article-p351.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5672","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}