{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:29:03Z","timestamp":1787776143139,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymomas are rarely recorded in rabbits, and the literature includes comparatively few cases. Medical records were reviewed to identify all pet rabbits in which a mediastinal mass was diagnosed between Feb 2007 and Jan 2010. Signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic work-up (including laboratory data, diagnostic imaging, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the mediastinal mass), treatment modalities, survival time, and histologic findings were evaluated. Cytologic and\/or histopathologic examinations revealed thymomas in all rabbits with mediastinal masses (n=13). Rabbits with thymomas showed clinical signs of dyspnea (76.9%), exercise intolerance (53.9%), and bilateral exophthalmos (46.2%). In seven rabbits the thymoma was removed surgically. Two rabbits were treated conservatively, and four rabbits were euthanized because of their poor clinical condition. The two rabbits that underwent surgery were euthanized 6 mo and 34 mo later. Mediastinal masses in rabbits appear to be more common than previously believed and consist primarily of thymomas rather than thymic lymphomas. Cytology of samples collected by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is an accurate diagnostic tool for the identification of thymomas in rabbits. Due to a high rate of perioperative mortality, intensive perioperative care and the provision of a low-stress environment are recommended for a successful thoracotomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T02:09:11Z","timestamp":1327025351000},"page":"97-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Thymomas in Rabbits: Clinical Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"K\u00fcnzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina M.","family":"Hittmair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Dupr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Russold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Guija de Arespachochaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fuchs-Baumgartinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Tumors in domestic animals","first-page":"165","article-title":"Tumors of the hemolymphatic system: Thymoma","author":"Jacobs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobs\n              RM\n            , MessickJB, ValliVE. Tumors of the hemolymphatic system: Thymoma. In: MeutenD, ed. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Ames (IA): University Press; 2002:165\u20136."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1186","article-title":"Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984\u20132005)","volume":"232","author":"Zitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zitz\n              JC\n            , BirchardSJ, CoutoGC. Results of excision of thymoma in cats and dogs: 20 cases (1984\u20132005). J Am Vet Med Assoc2008;232(8):1186\u201392."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"153","article-title":"High prevalence of thymoma in the dairy goat. Report of seventeen cases","volume":"15","author":"Hadlow","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hadlow\n              WJ\n            \n          . High prevalence of thymoma in the dairy goat. Report of seventeen cases. 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Respiratory abscess","volume":"233","author":"Franco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franco\n              KH\n            , CroninKL. What is your diagnosis? Respiratory abscess. J Am Vet Med Assoc2008;233(1):35\u20136."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits and rodents. Clinical medicine and surgery","first-page":"216","article-title":"Lymphoproliferative disorders: thymoma\/thymic lymphoma","author":"Quesenberry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quesenberry\n              KE\n            \n          . Lymphoproliferative disorders: thymoma\/thymic lymphoma. In: QuesenberryKE, CarpenterJW, eds. Ferrets, rabbits and rodents. Clinical medicine and surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders; 2004:216\u201320."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Textbook of rabbit medicine","first-page":"292","article-title":"Ophthalmic diseases","author":"Harcourt-Brown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harcourt-Brown\n              F\n            \n          . Ophthalmic diseases. In: Harcourt-BrownF, ed. Textbook of rabbit medicine. Oxford (UK): Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002:292\u2013306."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"868","article-title":"Endosurgical treatment of a retrobulbar abscess in a rabbit","volume":"230","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Jim\u00e9nez\n              D\n            , Hern\u00e1ndez-DiversSJ, DietrichUM. Endosurgical treatment of a retrobulbar abscess in a rabbit. J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;230(6):868\u201372."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"259","article-title":"Malignant B-cell lymphoma of the Harder's gland in a rabbit","volume":"8","author":"Volopich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Volopich\n              S\n            , GruberA, HassanJ. Malignant B-cell lymphoma of the Harder's gland in a rabbit. Vet Ophthalmol2005;8(4):259\u201363."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"491","article-title":"Paraneoplastic T cell lymphocytosis associated with a thymoma in a dog","volume":"51","author":"Batlivala","year":"2010","unstructured":"Batlivala\n              TP\n            , BaconNJ, AveryAC. Paraneoplastic T cell lymphocytosis associated with a thymoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract2010;51(9):491\u20134."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"393","article-title":"Review of thymic pathology in 30 cats and 36 dogs","volume":"38","author":"Day","year":"1997","unstructured":"Day\n              MJ\n            \n          . Review of thymic pathology in 30 cats and 36 dogs. J Small Anim Pract1997;38(9):393\u2013403."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/48\/2\/article-p97.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/48\/2\/97\/1335620\/jaaha-ms-5683.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/48\/2\/article-p97.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/48\/2\/article-p97.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T15:58:45Z","timestamp":1763740725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/48\/2\/article-p97.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5683","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}