{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:02:57Z","timestamp":1772326977057,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 3 mo old female Airedale terrier presented with decreased range of motion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which was first recognized at weaning. Computed tomography (CT) revealed abnormal, bilateral ossification of the soft tissues extending from the region of the tympanic bullae to the medial aspect of the angular process of each mandible. Those ossified structures most closely approximated the location of the lateral pterygoid muscles. The ossified structures were present at presentation and initially manifested as complete ossification on the right side. The condition progressed to complete bilateral ossification by 3 yr of age. The mandibular condyles associated with the temporomandibular joints were malformed. The patient had severe mandibular distoclusion with deviation of the mandible to the left. The left mandibular cheek teeth were positioned in a caudal cross bite. A single treatment of manual stretching and breakdown of the ossified muscle of mastication by placement of tongue depressors within the oral cavity resulted in no increase in TMJ range of motion as measured by the incisal opening. This is the first reported case of spontaneous false ankylosis of the TMJ in an Airedale terrier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T02:28:31Z","timestamp":1358389711000},"page":"115-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bilateral Extracapsular Soft-Tissue Ossification Affecting Range of TMJ Motion in an Airedale Terrier"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ellenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Miller\u2019s anatomy of the dog","first-page":"122","article-title":"The skeleton","author":"Evans","year":"1993","unstructured":"Evans\n              HE\n            \n          . 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J Small Anim Pract1979;20:209\u201318."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Intermittent open-mouth lower jaw locking in five dogs","volume":"188","author":"Lantz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lantz\n              GC\n            , CantwellHD. Intermittent open-mouth lower jaw locking in five dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc1986;188:1403\u20135."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"29","article-title":"Mandibular coronoid process displacement: signs, causes, treatment","volume":"6","author":"Hazewinkel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hazewinkel\n              HAW\n            , KooleR, VoorhoutG. Mandibular coronoid process displacement: signs, causes, treatment. 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Idiopathic calvarial hyperostosis","volume":"229","author":"Fischetti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fischetti\n              AJ\n            , Lara-GarciaA, GrossS. What is your diagnosis? Idiopathic calvarial hyperostosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc2006;229:211\u20132."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"201","article-title":"Idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in a pit bull terrier","volume":"59","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thompson\n              DJ\n            , RogersW, OwenMC. Idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in a pit bull terrier. N Z Vet J2011;59:201\u20135."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"753","article-title":"Canine masticatory muscle disorders: a study of 29 cases","volume":"10","author":"Shelton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shelton\n              GD\n            , CardinetGHIII, BandmanE. Canine masticatory muscle disorders: a study of 29 cases. 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Oral Surg Rad1922;8:259\u201381."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib31","series-title":"J Ped Surg","first-page":"E27","article-title":"Management of congenital bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with secondary mandibular hypoplasia","volume":"43","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prabhakar\n              AR\n            , RaiKK, BediS. Management of congenital bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with secondary mandibular hypoplasia. J Ped Surg2008;43(10):E27\u201330."},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"883","article-title":"Unilateral mandibular condylectomy: experimental and clinical results","volume":"18","author":"Lantz","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lantz\n              GC\n            , CantwellHD, VanVleetJF. Unilateral mandibular condylectomy: experimental and clinical results. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1982;18:883\u201390."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Miller\u2019s anatomy of the dog","first-page":"122","article-title":"The skeleton","author":"Evans","year":"1993","unstructured":"Evans\n              HE\n            \n          . The skeleton. In: EvansHE, ed. Miller\u2019s anatomy of the dog. 3rd ed. Phildelphia (PA): WB Saunders Co.; 1993:122\u2013218."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"597","article-title":"Gross anatomy of the craniomandibular joint and masticatory muscles of the dog","volume":"33","author":"Strom","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strom\n              D\n            , HolmS, ClemenssonE. Gross anatomy of the craniomandibular joint and masticatory muscles of the dog. Arch Oral Biol1988;33:597\u2013604."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"173","article-title":"TMJ ankylosis: surgical correction of three cases","volume":"21","author":"Lantz","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lantz\n              GC\n            \n          . TMJ ankylosis: surgical correction of three cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1985;21:173\u20137."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Small animal dentistry","first-page":"148","article-title":"Oral inflammatory and immune mediated diseases","author":"Harvey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Harvey\n              CE\n            , EmilyPP. Oral inflammatory and immune mediated diseases. In: HarveyCE, EmilyPP, eds. Small animal dentistry. St. Louis (MO): Mosby Year Book Inc.; 1993:148\u20139."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Geneva","first-page":"21","article-title":"TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals","author":"Owen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Owen\n              LN\n            \n          . TNM classification of tumors in domestic animals. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 1980:21\u20135."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Oral Pathol Med","first-page":"423","article-title":"Degenerative changes in masseter and temporalis muscles in limited mouth opening and TMJ ankylosis","volume":"19","author":"el-Labban","year":"1990","unstructured":"el-Labban\n              NG\n            , HarrisM, HooperC. Degenerative changes in masseter and temporalis muscles in limited mouth opening and TMJ ankylosis. J Oral Pathol Med1990;19(9):423\u20135."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1436","article-title":"Age-related variations in hematologic and plasma biochemical test results in beagles and Labrador retrievers","volume":"233","author":"Harper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harper\n              EJ\n            , HackettRM, WilkinsonJ. Age-related variations in hematologic and plasma biochemical test results in beagles and Labrador retrievers. J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;233:1436\u201342."},{"issue":"25","key":"bib8","series-title":"Locked jaw syndrome in dogs and cats: 37 cases","first-page":"16","volume":"2008","author":"Gatineau","year":"1998\u20132005","unstructured":"Gatineau\n              M\n            , El-WarrakAO, MarrettaSM. Locked jaw syndrome in dogs and cats: 37 cases (1998\u20132005). J Vet Dent2008;25:16\u201322."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Vet Annual","first-page":"175","article-title":"Disorders of the canine temporomandibular joint","volume":"22","author":"Lane","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lane\n              JG\n            \n          . Disorders of the canine temporomandibular joint. Vet Annual1982;22:175\u201387."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"192","article-title":"TMJ ankylosis in cats and dogs","volume":"20","author":"Maas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maas\n              CPHJ\n            , TheyseLFH. TMJ ankylosis in cats and dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2007;20:192\u20137."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1072","article-title":"TMJ dysplasia and open-mouth jaw locking in the dog","volume":"171","author":"Robins","year":"1977","unstructured":"Robins\n              G\n            , GrandageJ. TMJ dysplasia and open-mouth jaw locking in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc1977;171:1072\u20136."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"147","article-title":"Symphysiotomy, symphysiectomy, and intermandibular arthrodesis in a cat with open-mouth jaw locking- case report and literature review","volume":"21","author":"Reiter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reiter\n              AM\n            \n          . Symphysiotomy, symphysiectomy, and intermandibular arthrodesis in a cat with open-mouth jaw locking- case report and literature review. J Vet Dent2004;21:147\u201358."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"697","article-title":"Temporo-mandibular joint dysplasia and open-mouth jaw locking in a bassett hound: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thomas\n              RE\n            \n          . Temporo-mandibular joint dysplasia and open-mouth jaw locking in a bassett hound: a case report. J Small Anim Pract1979;20(11):697\u2013701."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"209","article-title":"TMJ dysplasia in an Irish setter","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Johnson\n              KA\n            \n          . TMJ dysplasia in an Irish setter. J Small Anim Pract1979;20:209\u201318."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Intermittent open-mouth lower jaw locking in five dogs","volume":"188","author":"Lantz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lantz\n              GC\n            , CantwellHD. Intermittent open-mouth lower jaw locking in five dogs. 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Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet1995;17:911\u201321."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Craniomandibular osteopathy with a unique neurological manifestation in a young akita","volume":"47","author":"Ratterree","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ratterree\n              WO\n            , GlassmanMM, DriskelEA. Craniomandibular osteopathy with a unique neurological manifestation in a young akita. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2011;47:e7\u201312."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"437","article-title":"Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Shetland sheepdog","volume":"36","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","unstructured":"Taylor\n              SM\n            , RemediosA, MyersS. Craniomandibular osteopathy in a Shetland sheepdog. 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J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2000;36:439\u201345."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"72","article-title":"Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in two bullmastiffs","volume":"47","author":"McConnell","year":"2006","unstructured":"McConnell\n              JF\n            , HayesA, PlattSR. Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in two bullmastiffs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2006;47:72\u20137."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"211","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Idiopathic calvarial hyperostosis","volume":"229","author":"Fischetti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fischetti\n              AJ\n            , Lara-GarciaA, GrossS. What is your diagnosis? Idiopathic calvarial hyperostosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc2006;229:211\u20132."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"201","article-title":"Idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in a pit bull terrier","volume":"59","author":"Thompson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thompson\n              DJ\n            , RogersW, OwenMC. Idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in a pit bull terrier. N Z Vet J2011;59:201\u20135."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"753","article-title":"Canine masticatory muscle disorders: a study of 29 cases","volume":"10","author":"Shelton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shelton\n              GD\n            , CardinetGHIII, BandmanE. Canine masticatory muscle disorders: a study of 29 cases. 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Vet Surg2006;35:663\u20138."},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"11","article-title":"Craniofacial development and growth in the dog","volume":"9","author":"Hennet","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hennet\n              PR\n            , HarveyCE. Craniofacial development and growth in the dog. J Vet Dent1992;9:11\u20138."},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Int J Ortho. Oral Surg Rad","first-page":"259","article-title":"Influence of the forces of occlusion on the development of the bones of the skull","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"1922","unstructured":"Baker\n              LW\n            \n          . Influence of the forces of occlusion on the development of the bones of the skull. Int J Ortho. 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