{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:03:22Z","timestamp":1772327002173,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 3.5 yr old castrated male miniature schnauzer was referred with a history of collapse after a bee sting to the left hind limb. At the time of presentation, 14 hr after the sting, the dog was hypotensive, comatose, seizuring, and had a brief period of cardiac arrest. Over the following 48 hr, the dog developed azotemia, severely elevated liver enzyme levels, hypertension, hematochezia, hematemesis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The dog\u2019s neurologic status improved slowly, but significant behavioral abnormalities remained. The dog was discharged after 7 days with ongoing polyuria, polydipsia, and behavioral changes. The polydipsia and polyuria resolved within a few days, but the behavioral changes continued for 6 wk. Reports of anaphylaxis from any cause are sparse in the veterinary literature. This is the first report of suspected anaphylaxis following a bee sting. There are no previous reports of behavioral changes after physical recovery from anaphylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-5833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T21:56:58Z","timestamp":1364421418000},"page":"210-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Survival After Anaphylaxis Induced by a Bumblebee Sting in a Dog"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah C.","family":"Mandell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori S.","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ann Emerg Med","first-page":"373","article-title":"Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report\u2013second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease\/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium","volume":"47","author":"Sampson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sampson\n              HA\n            , Mu\u00f1oz-FurlongA, CampbellRL. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report\u2013second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease\/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. Ann Emerg Med2006;47(4):373\u201380."},{"issue":"2 suppl 2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Anaphylaxis","volume":"125","author":"Simons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simons\n              FER\n            \n          . Anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol2010;125(2 suppl 2):S161\u201381."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"477","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update","volume":"126","author":"Lieberman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lieberman\n              P\n            , NicklasRA, OppenheimerJ. The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 update. J Allergy Clin Immunol2010;126(3):477\u201380.e1\u201342."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"449","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of anaphylaxis: lessons from studies with murine models","volume":"115","author":"Finkelman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Finkelman\n              FD\n            , RothenbergME, BrandtEB. Molecular mechanisms of anaphylaxis: lessons from studies with murine models. J Allergy Clin Immunol2005;115(3):449\u201357[quiz: 458]."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"371","article-title":"Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brown\n              SG\n            \n          . Clinical features and severity grading of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol2004;114(2):371\u20136."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"109","article-title":"Cyproheptadine-induced attenuation of type-I immediate-hypersensitivity reactions of airway smooth muscle from immune-sensitized cats","volume":"56","author":"Padrid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Padrid\n              PA\n            , MitchellRW, NdukwuIM. Cyproheptadine-induced attenuation of type-I immediate-hypersensitivity reactions of airway smooth muscle from immune-sensitized cats. Am J Vet Res1995;56(1):109\u201315."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"67","article-title":"Massive envenomation by Vespula spp. in two dogs","volume":"9","author":"Waddell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Waddell\n              LS\n            , DrobatzKJ. Massive envenomation by Vespula spp. in two dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care1999;9(2):67\u201371."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Severe systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings in three dogs","volume":"198","author":"Cowell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cowell\n              AK\n            , CowellRL, TylerRD. Severe systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings in three dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc1991;198(6):1014\u20136."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Bee sting envenomation resulting in secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in two dogs","volume":"214","author":"Noble","year":"1999","unstructured":"Noble\n              SJ\n            , ArmstrongPJ. Bee sting envenomation resulting in secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc1999;214(7):1026\u20137, 1021."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"300","article-title":"Imaging diagnosis: acute lung injury following massive bee envenomation in a dog","volume":"46","author":"Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker\n              T\n            , TidwellAS, RozanskiEA. Imaging diagnosis: acute lung injury following massive bee envenomation in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2005;46(4):300\u20133."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","series-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc","first-page":"29","article-title":"Bee sting-induced haemolysis, spherocytosis and neural dysfunction in three dogs","volume":"61","author":"Wysoke","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wysoke\n              JM\n            \n          , Bland van-den Berg P, MarshallC. Bee sting-induced haemolysis, spherocytosis and neural dysfunction in three dogs. J S Afr Vet Assoc1990;61(1):29\u201332."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"West J Med","first-page":"223","article-title":"Mass envenomations by honey bees and wasps","volume":"170","author":"Vetter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vetter\n              RS\n            , VisscherPK, CamazineS. Mass envenomations by honey bees and wasps. West J Med1999;170(4):223\u20137."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"536","article-title":"Elevation of alanine transaminase and gallbladder wall abnormalities as biomarkers of anaphylaxis in canine hypersensitivity patients","volume":"19","author":"Quantz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quantz\n              JE\n            , MilesMS, ReedAL. Elevation of alanine transaminase and gallbladder wall abnormalities as biomarkers of anaphylaxis in canine hypersensitivity patients. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)2009;19(6):536\u201344."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib14","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"384","article-title":"Suspected anaphylaxis to thiopentone in a dog","volume":"63","author":"Burren","year":"1986","unstructured":"Burren\n              VS\n            , MasonKV. Suspected anaphylaxis to thiopentone in a dog. Aust Vet J1986;63(11):384\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"70","article-title":"Immediate hypersensitivity to leaf extracts of Callisia fragrans (inch plant) in a dog","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee\n              SE\n            , MasonKV. Immediate hypersensitivity to leaf extracts of Callisia fragrans (inch plant) in a dog. Vet Dermatol2006;17(1):70\u201380."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"213","article-title":"A case of fatal anaphylaxis in a dog associated with a dexamethasone suppression test","volume":"15","author":"Schaer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schaer\n              M\n            , GinnPE, HanelRM. A case of fatal anaphylaxis in a dog associated with a dexamethasone suppression test. J Vet Emerg Crit Care2005;15(3):213\u20136."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"594","article-title":"Hypovolaemic shock after anthelmintic treatment of canine angiostrongylosis","volume":"37","author":"S\u00f8land","year":"1996","unstructured":"S\u00f8land\n              J\n            , BoltG. Hypovolaemic shock after anthelmintic treatment of canine angiostrongylosis. 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Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol2006;6(4):294\u20137."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"852","article-title":"Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2011","volume":"127","author":"Golden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Golden\n              DB\n            , MoffittJ, NicklasRA. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2011. J Allergy Clin Immunol2011;127(4):852\u20134.e1\u201323."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib21","series-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"361","article-title":"Allergy to bumblebee venom","volume":"1","author":"Bucher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bucher\n              C\n            , KornerP, W\u00fcthrichB. Allergy to bumblebee venom. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol2001;1(4):361\u20135."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Bombolitins, a new class of mast cell degranulating peptides from the venom of the bumblebee Megabombus pennsylvanicus","volume":"260","author":"Argiolas","year":"1985","unstructured":"Argiolas\n              A\n            , PisanoJJ. Bombolitins, a new class of mast cell degranulating peptides from the venom of the bumblebee Megabombus pennsylvanicus. J Biol Chem1985;260(3):1437\u201344."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib23","series-title":"Clin Exp Allergy","first-page":"1776","article-title":"Constant infusion of epinephrine, but not bolus treatment, improves haemodynamic recovery in anaphylactic shock in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Mink","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mink\n              SN\n            , SimonsFER, SimonsKJ. Constant infusion of epinephrine, but not bolus treatment, improves haemodynamic recovery in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Clin Exp Allergy2004;34(11):1776\u201383."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Effects of histamine on hepatic volume (outflow block) in anaesthetized dogs","volume":"47","author":"Greenway","year":"1973","unstructured":"Greenway\n              CV\n            , OshiroG. Effects of histamine on hepatic volume (outflow block) in anaesthetized dogs. Br J Pharmacol1973;47(2):282\u201390."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","series-title":"Toxicon","first-page":"44","article-title":"Mechanisms of bee venom-induced acute renal failure","volume":"48","author":"Grisotto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grisotto\n              LS\n            , MendesGE, CastroI. Mechanisms of bee venom-induced acute renal failure. 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Neurol Sci2003;23(6):313\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","series-title":"Br Pharmacol Chemother","first-page":"351","article-title":"The relationship of the blood sugar level to the severity of anaphylactic shock","volume":"31","author":"Dhar","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dhar\n              HL\n            , SanyalRK, WestGB. The relationship of the blood sugar level to the severity of anaphylactic shock. Br Pharmacol Chemother1967;31(2):351\u20135."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib29","series-title":"Pathology","first-page":"257","article-title":"An autopsy approach to bee sting-related deaths","volume":"34","author":"Riches","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riches\n              KJ\n            , GillisD, JamesRA. An autopsy approach to bee sting-related deaths. 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Allergy2007;62(8):830\u20137."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ann Emerg Med","first-page":"373","article-title":"Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report\u2013second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease\/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium","volume":"47","author":"Sampson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sampson\n              HA\n            , Mu\u00f1oz-FurlongA, CampbellRL. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report\u2013second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease\/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. Ann Emerg Med2006;47(4):373\u201380."},{"issue":"2 suppl 2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Anaphylaxis","volume":"125","author":"Simons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simons\n              FER\n            \n          . Anaphylaxis. 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J Vet Med Sci2004;66(11):1429\u201332."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","series-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"294","article-title":"Allergy to bumblebees","volume":"6","author":"de Groot","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Groot\n              H\n            \n          . Allergy to bumblebees. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol2006;6(4):294\u20137."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"852","article-title":"Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2011","volume":"127","author":"Golden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Golden\n              DB\n            , MoffittJ, NicklasRA. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2011. 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Br J Pharmacol1973;47(2):282\u201390."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","series-title":"Toxicon","first-page":"44","article-title":"Mechanisms of bee venom-induced acute renal failure","volume":"48","author":"Grisotto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grisotto\n              LS\n            , MendesGE, CastroI. Mechanisms of bee venom-induced acute renal failure. Toxicon2006;48(1):44\u201354."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib26","series-title":"Toxicon","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Acute physiopathological effects of honeybee (Apis mellifera) envenoming by subcutaneous route in a mouse model","volume":"56","author":"Prado","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prado\n              M\n            , Solano-TrejosG, LomonteB. Acute physiopathological effects of honeybee (Apis mellifera) envenoming by subcutaneous route in a mouse model. Toxicon2010;56(6):1007\u201317."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib27","series-title":"Neurol Sci","first-page":"313","article-title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after bee sting","volume":"23","author":"Boz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boz\n              C\n            , VeliogluS, OzmenogluM. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after bee sting. Neurol Sci2003;23(6):313\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","series-title":"Br Pharmacol Chemother","first-page":"351","article-title":"The relationship of the blood sugar level to the severity of anaphylactic shock","volume":"31","author":"Dhar","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dhar\n              HL\n            , SanyalRK, WestGB. The relationship of the blood sugar level to the severity of anaphylactic shock. 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