{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:03:15Z","timestamp":1772326995533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accumulation of urine in the pleural space secondary to uroperitoneum with no disruption of the diaphragm appears to be a rare pathological condition. A 2 yr old male mixed-breed dog was referred with dyspnea and abdominal pain after a road traffic accident. Plain radiographs demonstrated pleural effusion and reduced serosal detail in the abdominal cavity that was compatible with fluid accumulation. Retrograde urethrography revealed a pelvic urethra rupture. Biochemical analysis of the pleural and abdominal fluid confirmed the diagnosis of urothorax and uroperitoneum. The dog underwent a prepubic urethrostomy and intensive care management. The dog was reported to be in good health after a follow up time of 10 mo. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of urothorax associated with uroperitoneum with no detectable defects of the diaphragm in a dog.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T18:31:10Z","timestamp":1434565870000},"page":"256-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Urothorax Associated with Uroperitoneum in a Dog Without Diaphragmatic Disruption"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Paraskevi P.","family":"Tsompanidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilemahos L.","family":"Anagnostou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George M.","family":"Kazakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lysimachos G.","family":"Papazoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia S.","family":"Flouraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michail N.","family":"Patsikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b01","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion in adults","volume":"73","author":"Porcel\n              JM,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Porcel\n              JM, \n            \n              Light\n              WR.\n            \n          \n          Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion in adults. Am Fam Physician2006;73:1211\u201320."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b02","series-title":"J Small Anim Practice","first-page":"544","article-title":"Traumatic urothorax in a dog: a case report","volume":"52","author":"Klainbart\n              S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klainbart\n              S, \n            \n              Merchav\n              R, \n            \n              Ohad\n              DG.\n            \n          \n          Traumatic urothorax in a dog: a case report. J Small Anim Practice2011;52:544\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b03","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","first-page":"848","article-title":"Ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions in acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study of incidence, natural history, and prognostic role","volume":"41","author":"Maringhini\n              A,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maringhini\n              A, \n            \n              Ciambra\n              M, \n            \n              Patti\n              R, \n            et al\n          . Ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions in acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study of incidence, natural history, and prognostic role. Dig Dis Sci1996;41:848\u201352."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b04","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"409","article-title":"Pleural effusion as a complication of extrahepatic biliary tract rupture in a dog","volume":"32","author":"Barnhart\n              MD,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barnhart\n              MD, \n            \n              Rasmussen\n              LM.\n            \n          \n          Pleural effusion as a complication of extrahepatic biliary tract rupture in a dog. 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J Small Anim Practice2006;47:733\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b06","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"19","article-title":"A further contribution to the syndrome of fibroma of the ovary with fluid in the abdomen and chest","volume":"46","author":"Meigs\n              JV,","year":"1943","unstructured":"Meigs\n              JV, \n            \n              Armstrong\n              SH, \n            \n              Hamilton\n              HH.\n            \n          \n          A further contribution to the syndrome of fibroma of the ovary with fluid in the abdomen and chest. Am J Obstet Gynecol1943;46:19\u201337."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b07","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"2383","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax. 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J Vet Emerg Crit Care2001;11:275\u201380."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b13","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"359","article-title":"Urinary tract emergencies","volume":"35","author":"Reiser\n              TM.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reiser\n              TM.\n            \n          \n          Urinary tract emergencies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2005;35:359\u20133."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b14","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"91","article-title":"Hemiurothorax following diaphragmatic hernia and kidney prolapse in a cat","volume":"5","author":"Stork\n              CK,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stork\n              CK, \n            \n              Hamaide\n              AJ, \n            \n              Schwedes\n              C, \n            et al\n          . Hemiurothorax following diaphragmatic hernia and kidney prolapse in a cat. J Feline Med Surg2003;5:91\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b15","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"239","article-title":"Urinothorax in a quarter horse filly","volume":"22","author":"Vander Werf\n              KA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vander Werf\n              KA, \n            \n              Beard\n              LA, \n            \n              McMurphy\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax in a quarter horse filly. Equine Vet Educ2010;22:239\u201343."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b16","series-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med","first-page":"259","article-title":"Urinothorax: a new approach","volume":"12","author":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E, \n            \n              Romero\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: a new approach. Curr Opin Pulm Med2006;12:259\u201363."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b17","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"533","article-title":"Urinothorax: case report and review of the literature with emphasis on biochemical diagnosis","volume":"71","author":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E, \n            \n              Padilla-Navas\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: case report and review of the literature with emphasis on biochemical diagnosis. Respiration2004;71:533\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b18","series-title":"Arch Bronconeumol","first-page":"286","article-title":"Urinothorax: always a transudative pleural effusion?","volume":"44","author":"Sancho-Calvache\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sancho-Calvache\n              M, \n            \n              Pomares-Amigo\n              X.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: always a transudative pleural effusion?\n          Arch Bronconeumol\n          2008;44:286."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b19","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"536","article-title":"Lymphatic Absorption of particulate matter through the normal and the paralyzed diaphragm: an experimental study","volume":"178","author":"Lemon\n              WS,","year":"1929","unstructured":"Lemon\n              WS, \n            \n              Higgins\n              GM.\n            \n          \n          Lymphatic Absorption of particulate matter through the normal and the paralyzed diaphragm: an experimental study. Am J Med Sci1929;178:536\u201347."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b20","series-title":"Br J Exp Pathol","first-page":"62","article-title":"Fluid transfer from the peritoneal to the pleural cavities in rodents","volume":"38","author":"Nairn\n              RC.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Nairn\n              RC.\n            \n          \n          Fluid transfer from the peritoneal to the pleural cavities in rodents. Br J Exp Pathol1957;38:62\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b01","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion in adults","volume":"73","author":"Porcel\n              JM,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Porcel\n              JM, \n            \n              Light\n              WR.\n            \n          \n          Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion in adults. Am Fam Physician2006;73:1211\u201320."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b02","series-title":"J Small Anim Practice","first-page":"544","article-title":"Traumatic urothorax in a dog: a case report","volume":"52","author":"Klainbart\n              S,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klainbart\n              S, \n            \n              Merchav\n              R, \n            \n              Ohad\n              DG.\n            \n          \n          Traumatic urothorax in a dog: a case report. J Small Anim Practice2011;52:544\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b03","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","first-page":"848","article-title":"Ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions in acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study of incidence, natural history, and prognostic role","volume":"41","author":"Maringhini\n              A,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maringhini\n              A, \n            \n              Ciambra\n              M, \n            \n              Patti\n              R, \n            et al\n          . Ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions in acute pancreatitis. A retrospective study of incidence, natural history, and prognostic role. Dig Dis Sci1996;41:848\u201352."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b04","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"409","article-title":"Pleural effusion as a complication of extrahepatic biliary tract rupture in a dog","volume":"32","author":"Barnhart\n              MD,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barnhart\n              MD, \n            \n              Rasmussen\n              LM.\n            \n          \n          Pleural effusion as a complication of extrahepatic biliary tract rupture in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1996;32:409\u201312."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b05","series-title":"J Small Anim Practice","first-page":"733","article-title":"Bilothorax following cholecystectomy in a dog","volume":"47","author":"Guillaumin\n              J,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guillaumin\n              J, \n            \n              Chanoit\n              G, \n            \n              Decosne-Junot\n              C, \n            et al\n          . Bilothorax following cholecystectomy in a dog. J Small Anim Practice2006;47:733\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b06","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"19","article-title":"A further contribution to the syndrome of fibroma of the ovary with fluid in the abdomen and chest","volume":"46","author":"Meigs\n              JV,","year":"1943","unstructured":"Meigs\n              JV, \n            \n              Armstrong\n              SH, \n            \n              Hamilton\n              HH.\n            \n          \n          A further contribution to the syndrome of fibroma of the ovary with fluid in the abdomen and chest. Am J Obstet Gynecol1943;46:19\u201337."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b07","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"2383","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax. Cause and management","volume":"151","author":"Alberts\n              WM,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alberts\n              WM, \n            \n              Salem\n              AJ, \n            \n              Solomon\n              DA, \n            et al\n          . Hepatic hydrothorax. Cause and management. Arch Intern Med1991;151:2383\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b08","series-title":"Singapore Med J","first-page":"289","article-title":"Urinothorax: an unusual case of pleural effusion","volume":"48","author":"Handa\n              A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Handa\n              A, \n            \n              Agarwal\n              R, \n            \n              Aggarwal\n              AN.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: an unusual case of pleural effusion. Singapore Med J2007;48:289\u201392."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b09","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"967","article-title":"A case of urothorax that manifested as posttraumatic pleural effusion after a motorcycle crash","volume":"46","author":"Hase\n              T,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hase\n              T, \n            \n              Kodama\n              M, \n            \n              Domasu\n              S, \n            et al\n          . A case of urothorax that manifested as posttraumatic pleural effusion after a motorcycle crash. J Trauma1999;46:967\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b10","series-title":"Compendium","first-page":"604","article-title":"Uroabdomen in dogs and cats","volume":"24","author":"Gannon\n              KM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gannon\n              KM, \n            \n              Moses\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Uroabdomen in dogs and cats. Compendium2002;24:604\u201312."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b11","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"136","article-title":"Prognostic factors for successful outcome following urethral rupture in dogs and cats","volume":"42","author":"Anderson\n              RB,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anderson\n              RB, \n            \n              Aronson\n              LR, \n            \n              Drobatz, KJ, \n            et al\n          . Prognostic factors for successful outcome following urethral rupture in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2006;42:136\u201346."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b12","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"275","article-title":"Evaluation of abdominal fluid: peripheral blood creatinine and potassium ratios for diagnosis of uroperitoneum in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Schmiedt\n              C,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schmiedt\n              C, \n            \n              Tobias\n              KM, \n            \n              Otto\n              C M.\n            \n          \n          Evaluation of abdominal fluid: peripheral blood creatinine and potassium ratios for diagnosis of uroperitoneum in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care2001;11:275\u201380."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b13","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"359","article-title":"Urinary tract emergencies","volume":"35","author":"Reiser\n              TM.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reiser\n              TM.\n            \n          \n          Urinary tract emergencies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2005;35:359\u20133."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b14","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"91","article-title":"Hemiurothorax following diaphragmatic hernia and kidney prolapse in a cat","volume":"5","author":"Stork\n              CK,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stork\n              CK, \n            \n              Hamaide\n              AJ, \n            \n              Schwedes\n              C, \n            et al\n          . Hemiurothorax following diaphragmatic hernia and kidney prolapse in a cat. J Feline Med Surg2003;5:91\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b15","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"239","article-title":"Urinothorax in a quarter horse filly","volume":"22","author":"Vander Werf\n              KA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vander Werf\n              KA, \n            \n              Beard\n              LA, \n            \n              McMurphy\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax in a quarter horse filly. Equine Vet Educ2010;22:239\u201343."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b16","series-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med","first-page":"259","article-title":"Urinothorax: a new approach","volume":"12","author":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E, \n            \n              Romero\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: a new approach. Curr Opin Pulm Med2006;12:259\u201363."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b17","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"533","article-title":"Urinothorax: case report and review of the literature with emphasis on biochemical diagnosis","volume":"71","author":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garcia-Pachon\n              E, \n            \n              Padilla-Navas\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: case report and review of the literature with emphasis on biochemical diagnosis. Respiration2004;71:533\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b18","series-title":"Arch Bronconeumol","first-page":"286","article-title":"Urinothorax: always a transudative pleural effusion?","volume":"44","author":"Sancho-Calvache\n              M,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sancho-Calvache\n              M, \n            \n              Pomares-Amigo\n              X.\n            \n          \n          Urinothorax: always a transudative pleural effusion?\n          Arch Bronconeumol\n          2008;44:286."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b19","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"536","article-title":"Lymphatic Absorption of particulate matter through the normal and the paralyzed diaphragm: an experimental study","volume":"178","author":"Lemon\n              WS,","year":"1929","unstructured":"Lemon\n              WS, \n            \n              Higgins\n              GM.\n            \n          \n          Lymphatic Absorption of particulate matter through the normal and the paralyzed diaphragm: an experimental study. Am J Med Sci1929;178:536\u201347."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-256-b20","series-title":"Br J Exp Pathol","first-page":"62","article-title":"Fluid transfer from the peritoneal to the pleural cavities in rodents","volume":"38","author":"Nairn\n              RC.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Nairn\n              RC.\n            \n          \n          Fluid transfer from the peritoneal to the pleural cavities in rodents. 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