{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:02:48Z","timestamp":1772326968343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"This report describes a disorder of the sexual development in a beagle dog resulting in an intersex condition. A 6 mo old beagle was presented for evaluation of a protruding structure from the vulva consistent with an enlarged clitoris. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the presence of both gonadal and uterine structures. Retrograde cystourethrovaginogram showed the presence of an os clitoris and severe vaginal stenosis. Histological studies revealed the presence of bilateral ovotestes and uterus. The gonad had interstitial cells within seminiferous-like tubules lined only with Sertoli cells and abundant interstitial cells among primordial, primary, and secondary follicles. Hormone assays completed before and after gonadohysterectomy showed an elevation in the levels of progesterone and dihydrotestosterone that returned to baseline 3 mo after surgery. Testosterone levels that were within the male reference ranges before surgery decreased to basal levels postsurgically. 17-\u03b2-Estradiol levels showed little variation and values were always within the reference ranges for a male. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype (2n = 78, XX) and polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the absence of the sex-determining region Y gene. In summary, the dog presented bilateral ovotestes and a 2n = 78, XX chromosomal complement lacking the sex determining region Y gene, consistent with a diagnosis of true hermaphroditism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T18:31:10Z","timestamp":1434565870000},"page":"267-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bilateral Ovotestes in a 78, XX SRY-Negative Beagle Dog"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds V.","family":"Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Bertos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Calabuig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Garc\u00eda-Botey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Whyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes S\u00e1nchez","family":"de la Muela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.P-G, A.R-B, E.G-P, M.S-C, C.G-B, M.SdlM); and Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Embriolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica (L.M.) and Departamento de Patolog\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b01","series-title":"Reprod Dom Anim","first-page":"40","article-title":"Review and update: genomic and molecular advances in sex determination and differentiation in small animals","volume":"44","author":"Meyers-Wallen\n V.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meyers-Wallen\n V.\n \n \n Review and update: genomic and molecular advances in sex determination and differentiation in small animals. 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Anim Reprod Sci2009;115(1\u20134):328\u201333."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b10","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1618","article-title":"Disorders of sexual development and associated changes in the pituitary-gonadal axis in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Buijtels\n J,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buijtels\n J, \n \n de Gier\n J, \n \n Kooistra\n H, \n et al\n . Disorders of sexual development and associated changes in the pituitary-gonadal axis in dogs. Theriogenology2012;78(7):1618\u201326."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"762","article-title":"Effect of finasteride on serum concentrations of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone in three clinically normal sexually intact adult male dogs","volume":"59","author":"Kamolpatana\n K,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kamolpatana\n K, \n \n Johnston\n SD, \n \n Hardy\n SK, \n et al\n . 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Sex Dev2011;5(3):141\u20136."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b14","series-title":"Sex Dev","first-page":"135","article-title":"XX SRY-negative true hermaphrodism in two dogs: Clinical, morphological, genetic and cytogenetic studies","volume":"6","author":"Groppetti\n D,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Groppetti\n D, \n \n Genualdo\n V, \n \n Bosi\n G, \n et al\n . XX SRY-negative true hermaphrodism in two dogs: Clinical, morphological, genetic and cytogenetic studies. Sex Dev2012;6(1\u20133):135\u201342."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b15","series-title":"Vitam Horm","first-page":"309","article-title":"Regulation of androgen action","volume":"55","author":"Roy\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roy\n A, \n \n Lavrovsky\n Y, \n \n Song\n C, \n et al\n . Regulation of androgen action. Vitam Horm1998;55:309\u201352."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b16","series-title":"Mol Reprod Dev","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mullerian-inhibiting substance secretion is delayed in XX sex-reversed dog embryos","volume":"39","author":"Meyers-Wallen\n V,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meyers-Wallen\n V, \n \n Palmer\n V, \n \n Maclaughlin\n D, \n et al\n . Mullerian-inhibiting substance secretion is delayed in XX sex-reversed dog embryos. Mol Reprod Dev1994;39(1):1\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b17","series-title":"Biol Reprod","first-page":"112","article-title":"The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone","volume":"13","author":"Concannon\n P,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Concannon\n P, \n \n Hansel\n W, \n \n Visek\n W.\n \n \n The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone. 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Reprod Dom Anim2006;41(1):22\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b01","series-title":"Reprod Dom Anim","first-page":"40","article-title":"Review and update: genomic and molecular advances in sex determination and differentiation in small animals","volume":"44","author":"Meyers-Wallen\n V.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meyers-Wallen\n V.\n \n \n Review and update: genomic and molecular advances in sex determination and differentiation in small animals. Reprod Dom Anim2009;44:40\u201346."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b02","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"1364","article-title":"M\u00fcllerian-inhibiting substance inhibits cytochrome P450 aromatase activity in human granulosa lutein cell culture","volume":"89","author":"Grossman\n MP,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grossman\n MP, \n \n Nakajima\n ST, \n \n Fallat\n ME, \n et al\n . M\u00fcllerian-inhibiting substance inhibits cytochrome P450 aromatase activity in human granulosa lutein cell culture. 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Nat Genet2000;26(4):490\u20134."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b05","series-title":"J Toxicol Pathol","first-page":"111","article-title":"Bilateral ovotestes in a female beagle dog","volume":"20","author":"Kobayashi\n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kobayashi\n K, \n \n Fujiwara\n T, \n \n Adachi\n T, \n et al\n . Bilateral ovotestes in a female beagle dog. J Toxicol Pathol2007;20(2):111\u20135."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b06","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"83","article-title":"Pyovagina and stump pyometra in a neutered XX sex-reversed beagle: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Williams\n J,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Williams\n J, \n \n Partington\n B, \n \n Smith\n B, \n et al\n . Pyovagina and stump pyometra in a neutered XX sex-reversed beagle: a case report. 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Anim Reprod Sci2009;115(1\u20134):328\u201333."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b10","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1618","article-title":"Disorders of sexual development and associated changes in the pituitary-gonadal axis in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Buijtels\n J,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buijtels\n J, \n \n de Gier\n J, \n \n Kooistra\n H, \n et al\n . Disorders of sexual development and associated changes in the pituitary-gonadal axis in dogs. Theriogenology2012;78(7):1618\u201326."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"762","article-title":"Effect of finasteride on serum concentrations of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone in three clinically normal sexually intact adult male dogs","volume":"59","author":"Kamolpatana\n K,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kamolpatana\n K, \n \n Johnston\n SD, \n \n Hardy\n SK, \n et al\n . 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Vitam Horm1998;55:309\u201352."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b16","series-title":"Mol Reprod Dev","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mullerian-inhibiting substance secretion is delayed in XX sex-reversed dog embryos","volume":"39","author":"Meyers-Wallen\n V,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meyers-Wallen\n V, \n \n Palmer\n V, \n \n Maclaughlin\n D, \n et al\n . Mullerian-inhibiting substance secretion is delayed in XX sex-reversed dog embryos. Mol Reprod Dev1994;39(1):1\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-51-4-267-b17","series-title":"Biol Reprod","first-page":"112","article-title":"The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone","volume":"13","author":"Concannon\n P,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Concannon\n P, \n \n Hansel\n W, \n \n Visek\n W.\n \n \n The ovarian cycle of the bitch: plasma estrogen, LH and progesterone. 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