{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:41:17Z","timestamp":1785498077261,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of an antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) on urine samples for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in dogs. This retrospective medical records review included canine cases with urine samples submitted for\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    EIA antigen assay between 2007 and 2011 from three veterinary institutions. Cases for which urine samples were submitted for\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen testing were reviewed and compared to the gold standard of finding\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    organisms or an alternative diagnosis on cytology or histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and the kappa coefficient and associated confidence interval were calculated for the EIA-based\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen assay. Sixty cases met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen cases were considered true positives based on identification of the organism, and 41 cases were considered true negatives with an alternative definitive diagnosis. Two cases were considered false negatives, and there were no false positives. Sensitivity was 89.47% and the negative predictive value was 95.35%. Specificity and the positive predictive value were both 100%. The kappa coefficient was 0.9207 (95% confidence interval, 0.8131\u20131). The\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigen EIA test demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:57:32Z","timestamp":1441933052000},"page":"306-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sensitivity and Specificity of Histoplasma Antigen Detection by Enzyme Immunoassay"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lauren Cunningham's present affiliation is North Houston Veterinary Specialists, Spring, TX."},{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hanzlicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Harkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Wheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Goad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emily Kirsh's present affiliation is Orchard Software Corporation, Carmel, IN."},{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (L.C., A.H.) and Department of Statistics (C.G.), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (A.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (K.H.); and MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN (J.W., E.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b01","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 3rd ed","first-page":"577","author":"Greene, CE.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greene, CE.\n          \n          Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 3rd ed. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier;2006:577\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b02","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"137","article-title":"Frequency of isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis from dogs in Kentucky","volume":"33","author":"Turner\n              C,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Turner\n              C, \n            \n              Smith\n              CD, \n            \n              Furcolow\n              ML.\n            \n          \n          Frequency of isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis from dogs in Kentucky. Am J Vet Res1972;33:137\u201341."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b03","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1443","article-title":"Disseminated histoplasmosis in dogs: 12 cases (1981\u20131986)","volume":"193","author":"Clinkenbeard\n              KD,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clinkenbeard\n              KD, \n            \n              Cowell\n              RL, \n            \n              Tyler\n              RD.\n            \n          \n          Disseminated histoplasmosis in dogs: 12 cases (1981\u20131986). J Am Vet Med Assoc1988;193:1443\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b04","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"721","article-title":"Update on canine and feline fungal diseases","volume":"33","author":"Kerl\n              ME.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kerl\n              ME.\n            \n          \n          Update on canine and feline fungal diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2003;33:721\u201347."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b05","series-title":"Clin Chest Med","first-page":"379","article-title":"Approach to the diagnosis of the endemic mycoses","volume":"30","author":"Wheat\n              LJ.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wheat\n              LJ.\n            \n          \n          Approach to the diagnosis of the endemic mycoses. Clin Chest Med2009;30:379\u201389."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b06","series-title":"Clin Tech in Small Anim Pract","first-page":"227","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in dogs and cats","volume":"20","author":"Br\u00f6mel\n              C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Br\u00f6mel\n              C, \n            \n              Sykes\n              JE.\n            \n          \n          Histoplasmosis in dogs and cats. Clin Tech in Small Anim Pract2005;20:227\u201332."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b07","series-title":"Sabouraudia","first-page":"1","article-title":"The efficiency of serologic and cultural methods in the detection of infection with Histoplasma and Blastomyces in mongrel dogs","volume":"10","author":"Turner\n              C,","year":"1972","unstructured":"Turner\n              C, \n            \n              Smith\n              CD, \n            \n              Furcolow\n              ML.\n            \n          \n          The efficiency of serologic and cultural methods in the detection of infection with Histoplasma and Blastomyces in mongrel dogs. Sabouraudia1972;10:1\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b08","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"702","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of systemic mycosis: a review","volume":"188","author":"Jackson\n              JA.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jackson\n              JA.\n            \n          \n          Immunodiagnosis of systemic mycosis: a review. J Am Vet Med Assoc1986;188:702\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b09","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"83","article-title":"Diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum and urine specimens","volume":"314","author":"Wheat\n              LJ,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wheat\n              LJ, \n            \n              Kohler\n              RB, \n            \n              Tewari\n              RP.\n            \n          \n          Diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum and urine specimens. N Engl J Med1986;314:83\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b10","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"623","article-title":"Diagnosis of histoplasmosis by antigen detection in BAL fluid","volume":"137","author":"Hage\n              CA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hage\n              CA, \n            \n              Davis\n              TE, \n            \n              Fuller\n              D, \n            et al\n          . Diagnosis of histoplasmosis by antigen detection in BAL fluid. Chest2010;137:623\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b11","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Detection of histoplasma antigen by a quantitative enzyme immunoassay","volume":"14","author":"Connolly\n              PA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Connolly\n              PA, \n            \n              Durkin\n              MM, \n            \n              Lemonte\n              AM, \n            et al\n          . Detection of histoplasma antigen by a quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Clin Vaccine Immunol2007;14:1587\u201391."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b12","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"421","article-title":"Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients","volume":"21","author":"Kauffman\n              CA.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kauffman\n              CA.\n            \n          \n          Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. Curr Opin Infect Dis2008;21:421\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b13","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"638","article-title":"Histoplasmosis-associated cross-reactivity in the BioRad Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay","volume":"14","author":"Wheat\n              LJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wheat\n              LJ, \n            \n              Hackett\n              E, \n            \n              Durkin\n              M, \n            et al\n          . Histoplasmosis-associated cross-reactivity in the BioRad Platelia Aspergillus enzyme immunoassay. Clin Vaccine Immunol2007;14:638\u201340."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b14","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"392","article-title":"Cryptococcal glucoxylomannan does not exhibit cross-reactivity in the MVista Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay","volume":"15","author":"Zhuang d\n              hC,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhuang d\n              hC, \n            \n              De Jesus\n              M\n            \n          . Cryptococcal glucoxylomannan does not exhibit cross-reactivity in the MVista Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay. Clin Vaccine Immunol2008;15:392\u20133."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b15","series-title":"J Fel Med Surg","first-page":"512","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of urine Histoplasma capsulatum antigen measurement in cats with supected disseminated histoplasmosis","volume":"14","author":"Cook\n              AK,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cook\n              AK, \n            \n              Cunningham\n              LY, \n            \n              Cowell\n              AK, \n            et al\n          . Clinical evaluation of urine Histoplasma capsulatum antigen measurement in cats with supected disseminated histoplasmosis. J Fel Med Surg2012;14:512\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b16","series-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med","first-page":"167","article-title":"Antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of fungal pneumonia","volume":"17","author":"Hage\n              CA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hage\n              CA, \n            \n              Knox\n              KS, \n            \n              Davis\n              TE, \n            et al\n          . Antigen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosis of fungal pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med2011;17:167\u201371."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b17","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"154","article-title":"Primary gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in a cat","volume":"18","author":"Stark\n              D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Stark\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Primary gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1982;18:154\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b18","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"220","article-title":"Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis","volume":"100","author":"Kahi\n              CJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kahi\n              CJ, \n            \n              Wheat\n              LJ, \n            \n              Allen\n              SD, \n            et al\n          . Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis. Am J Gastroenterol2005;100:220\u201331."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-5-306-b19","series-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol","first-page":"726","article-title":"Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria by ultrafiltration of samples with false-negative results","volume":"15","author":"Egan\n              L,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Egan\n              L, \n            \n              Connolly\n              PA, \n            \n              Fuller\n              D, \n            et al\n          . Detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigenuria by ultrafiltration of samples with false-negative results. Clin Vaccine Immunol2008;15:726\u20138."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/51\/5\/article-p306.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/51\/5\/306\/1589223\/jaaha-ms-6202.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/51\/5\/article-p306.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/51\/5\/article-p306.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:00:28Z","timestamp":1763740828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/51\/5\/article-p306.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6202","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}